Estimation of rheological properties of viscous debris flow using a belt conveyor. Hübl, J. & Steinwendtner, H. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere, 25(9):751--755, 2000.
Estimation of rheological properties of viscous debris flow using a belt conveyor [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Rheological parameters of viscous debris flows are influenced by a great amount of factors and are therefore extremely difficult to estimate. Because of this uncertainties a belt conveyor (conveyor channel) was constructed to measure flow behaviour and rheological properties of natural debris flow material. The upward movement of the smooth rubberised belt between fixed lateral plastic walls causes a stationary wave relative to these bends. This special experimental design enables to study behaviour of viscous ebris flow material with maximum grain diameters up to 20 mm within several minutes and to hold measuring equipment very simple. The conveyor channel was calibrated first with Xanthan, a natural polysaccharide used as thickener in food technology, whose rheological properties are similar to viscous debris flow material. In a second step natural debris flow material was investigated. Velocities and rheological parameters were measured with varying solid concentration and slope of the channel. In cases where concentration of coarse particles exceed around 15% by volume the conveyor channel obtains an alternative to expensive commercial viscometers for determination of rheological parameters of viscous debris flows.
@article{hubl_estimation_2000,
	title = {Estimation of rheological properties of viscous debris flow using a belt conveyor},
	volume = {25},
	issn = {1464-1909},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1464190900000976},
	doi = {10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00097-6},
	abstract = {Rheological parameters of viscous debris flows are influenced by a great amount of factors and are therefore extremely difficult to estimate. Because of this uncertainties a belt conveyor (conveyor channel) was constructed to measure flow behaviour and rheological properties of natural debris flow material. The upward movement of the smooth rubberised belt between fixed lateral plastic walls causes a stationary wave relative to these bends. This special experimental design enables to study behaviour of viscous ebris flow material with maximum grain diameters up to 20 mm within several minutes and to hold measuring equipment very simple. The conveyor channel was calibrated first with Xanthan, a natural polysaccharide used as thickener in food technology, whose rheological properties are similar to viscous debris flow material. In a second step natural debris flow material was investigated. Velocities and rheological parameters were measured with varying solid concentration and slope of the channel. In cases where concentration of coarse particles exceed around 15\% by volume the conveyor channel obtains an alternative to expensive commercial viscometers for determination of rheological parameters of viscous debris flows.},
	number = {9},
	urldate = {2016-01-18TZ},
	journal = {Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere},
	author = {Hübl, J. and Steinwendtner, H.},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {751--755}
}

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