Demonstration of line transect methodologies to estimate urban gray squirrel density. Hein, E. W. Environmental Management, 21(6):943–947, US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2730 Loker Avenue West, Carlsbad, CA 92008, United States, 1997.
abstract   bibtex   
Because studies estimating density of gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) have been labor intensive and costly, I demonstrate the use of line transect surveys to estimate gray squirrel density and determine the costs of conducting surveys to achieve precise estimates. Density estimates are based on four transects that were surveyed five times from 30 June to 9 July 1994. Using the program DISTANCE, I estimated there were 4.7 (95% Cl = 1.86-11.92) gray squirrels/ha on the Clemson University campus. Eleven additional surveys would have decreased the percent coefficient of variation from 30% to 20% and would have cost approximately $114. Estimating urban gray squirrel density using line transect surveys is cost effective and can provide unbiased estimates of density, provided that none of the assumptions of distance sampling theory are violated.
@ARTICLE{Hein1997,
  author = {Hein, E. W.},
  title = {Demonstration of line transect methodologies to estimate urban gray
	squirrel density},
  journal = {Environmental Management},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {21},
  pages = {943--947},
  number = {6},
  abstract = {Because studies estimating density of gray squirrels \textit{(Sciurus
	carolinensis) } have been labor intensive and costly, I demonstrate
	the use of line transect surveys to estimate gray squirrel density
	and determine the costs of conducting surveys to achieve precise
	estimates. Density estimates are based on four transects that were
	surveyed five times from 30 June to 9 July 1994. Using the program
	DISTANCE, I estimated there were 4.7 (95% Cl = 1.86-11.92) gray squirrels/ha
	on the Clemson University campus. Eleven additional surveys would
	have decreased the percent coefficient of variation from 30% to 20%
	and would have cost approximately $114. Estimating urban gray squirrel
	density using line transect surveys is cost effective and can provide
	unbiased estimates of density, provided that none of the assumptions
	of distance sampling theory are violated.},
  address = {US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2730 Loker Avenue West, Carlsbad, CA
	92008, United States},
  keywords = {Bias, Density, Distance sampling, Gray squirrel, Line transect, Sciurus
	carolinensis},
  owner = {eric},
  subdatabase = {distance},
  timestamp = {2006.11.05}
}

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