@article{
 title = {Analysis of Biotinylated Generation 4 Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) Dendrimer Distribution in the Rat Brain and Toxicity in a Cellular Model of the Blood-Brain Barrier},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Amines Role: ADV (Adverse effect,Animal tissue,Astrocyte,BCEC,Biological transport (permeation,Biotinylation,Blood-brain barrier,Brain (biotinylated and non-biotinylated generatio,Brain (corpus striatum,Brain (neostriatum,Capillary vessel (biotinylated than non-biotinylat,Cell death,Cerebral cortex (biotinylated than non-biotinylate,Dendrimers Role: BSU (Biological study,Drug toxicity (biotinylated than non-biotinylated,Kidney (biotinylated and non-biotinylated generati,Liver (biotinylated and non-biotinylated generatio,PAMAM,barrier,biodistribution,biotinylated and non-biotinylated generation 4 pol,biotinylated than non-biotinylated generation 4 po,blood,brain,cytotoxic,dehydrogenase,dendrimer,dorsal,including toxici,lactate,unclassifi},
 pages = {11537-11552},
 volume = {18},
 websites = {http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/18/9/11537/},
 month = {9},
 day = {17},
 city = {Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY, USA.},
 id = {223dd923-e4bd-3129-980c-4861d00a7b6a},
 created = {2016-06-29T14:03:58.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {3e7260a9-6e8d-3223-930b-f5ea025e6d3f},
 group_id = {29d6b3c5-c367-360f-ab93-7112ec5bf183},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T11:59:07.894Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Hemmer2013a},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 notes = {Copyright (C) 2014 American Chemical Society (ACS). All Rights Reserved.; Section Code: 1-11; CODEN: MOLEFW; CAS Registry Numbers: 9001-60-9 (Lactate dehydrogenase) Role: BSU (Biological study, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study) (biotinylated than non-biotinylated generation 4 poly(amidoamine) dendrimer showed greater toxicity by increasing lactate dehydrogenase level in co-cultured rat astrocyte and brain capillary endothelial cell)},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Dendrimers are highly customizable nanopolymers with qualities that make them ideal for drug delivery. The high binding affinity of biotin/avidin provides a useful approach to fluorescently label synthesized dendrimer-conjugates in cells and tissues. In addn., biotin may facilitate delivery of dendrimers through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) via carrier-mediated endocytosis. The purpose of this research was to: (1) measure toxicity using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays of generation (G)4 biotinylated and non-biotinylated poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers in a co-culture model of the BBB, (2) det. distribution of dendrimers in the rat brain, kidney, and liver following systemic administration of dendrimers, and (3) conduct at. force microscopy (AFM) on rat brain sections following systemic administration of dendrimers. LDH measurements showed that biotinylated dendrimers were toxic to cell co-culture after 48 h of treatment. Distribution studies showed evidence of biotinylated and non-biotinylated PAMAM dendrimers in brain. AFM studies showed evidence of dendrimers only in brain tissue of treated rats. These results indicate that biotinylation does not decrease toxicity assocd. with PAMAM dendrimers and that biotinylated PAMAM dendrimers distribute in the brain. Furthermore, this article provides evidence of nanoparticles in brain tissue following systemic administration of nanoparticles supported by both fluorescence microscopy and AFM. [on SciFinder(R)]},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hemmer, Ruth and Hall, Andrew and Spaulding, Robert and Rossow, Brett and Hester, Michael and Caroway, Megan and Haskamp, Anthony and Wall, Steven and Bullen, Heather and Morris, Celeste and Haik, Kristi},
 journal = {Molecules},
 number = {9}
}

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All Rights Reserved.; Section Code: 1-11; CODEN: MOLEFW; CAS Registry Numbers: 9001-60-9 (Lactate dehydrogenase) Role: BSU (Biological study, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study) (biotinylated than non-biotinylated generation 4 poly(amidoamine) dendrimer showed greater toxicity by increasing lactate dehydrogenase level in co-cultured rat astrocyte and brain capillary endothelial cell)","private_publication":false,"abstract":"Dendrimers are highly customizable nanopolymers with qualities that make them ideal for drug delivery. The high binding affinity of biotin/avidin provides a useful approach to fluorescently label synthesized dendrimer-conjugates in cells and tissues. In addn., biotin may facilitate delivery of dendrimers through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) via carrier-mediated endocytosis. The purpose of this research was to: (1) measure toxicity using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays of generation (G)4 biotinylated and non-biotinylated poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers in a co-culture model of the BBB, (2) det. distribution of dendrimers in the rat brain, kidney, and liver following systemic administration of dendrimers, and (3) conduct at. force microscopy (AFM) on rat brain sections following systemic administration of dendrimers. LDH measurements showed that biotinylated dendrimers were toxic to cell co-culture after 48 h of treatment. Distribution studies showed evidence of biotinylated and non-biotinylated PAMAM dendrimers in brain. AFM studies showed evidence of dendrimers only in brain tissue of treated rats. These results indicate that biotinylation does not decrease toxicity assocd. with PAMAM dendrimers and that biotinylated PAMAM dendrimers distribute in the brain. 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