@article{hodge_evidence_2012,
	title = {{EVIDENCE} {FOR} {A} {CLUMPY}, {ROTATING} {GAS} {DISK} {IN} {A} {SUBMILLIMETER} {GALAXY} {ATz}= 4},
	volume = {760},
	issn = {0004-637X},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/760/1/11},
	doi = {10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/11},
	abstract = {We present Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array observations of the CO(2–1) emission in the z = 4.05 submillimeter galaxy (SMG) GN20. These high-resolution data allow us to image the molecular gas at 1.3 kpc resolution just 1.6 Gyr after the big bang. The data reveal a clumpy, extended gas reservoir, 14 ± 4 kpc in diameter, in unprecedented detail. A dynamical analysis shows that the data are consistent with a rotating disk of total dynamical mass 5.4 ± 2.4 × 1011 M☉. We use this dynamical mass estimate to constrain the CO-to-H2 mass conversion factor (αCO), finding αCO = 1.1 ± 0.6 M☉(K km s−1 pc2)−1. We identify five distinct molecular gas clumps in the disk of GN20 with masses a few percent of the total gas mass, brightness temperatures of 16–31K, and surface densities of {\textgreater}3200–4500 × (αCO/0.8) M☉ pc−2. Virial mass estimates indicate they could be self-gravitating, and we constrain their CO-to-H2 mass conversion factor to be {\textless}0.2–0.7 M☉(K km s−1 pc2)−1. A multiwavelength comparison demonstrates that the molecular gas is concentrated in a region of the galaxy that is heavily obscured in the rest-frame UV/optical. We investigate the spatially resolved gas excitation and find that the CO(6–5)/CO(2–1) ratio is constant with radius, consistent with star formation occurring over a large portion of the disk. We discuss the implications of our results in the context of different fueling scenarios for SMGs.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2021-05-11},
	journal = {The Astrophysical Journal},
	author = {Hodge, J. A. and Carilli, C. L. and Walter, F. and Blok, W. J. G. de and Riechers, D. and Daddi, E. and Lentati, L.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2012},
	note = {Publisher: American Astronomical Society},
	pages = {11},
}

{"_id":"SfH2RHwBSpN6E3wCq","bibbaseid":"hodge-carilli-walter-blok-riechers-daddi-lentati-evidenceforaclumpyrotatinggasdiskinasubmillimetergalaxyatz4-2012","author_short":["Hodge, J. A.","Carilli, C. L.","Walter, F.","Blok, W. J. G. d.","Riechers, D.","Daddi, E.","Lentati, L."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"EVIDENCE FOR A CLUMPY, ROTATING GAS DISK IN A SUBMILLIMETER GALAXY ATz= 4","volume":"760","issn":"0004-637X","url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/760/1/11","doi":"10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/11","abstract":"We present Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array observations of the CO(2–1) emission in the z = 4.05 submillimeter galaxy (SMG) GN20. These high-resolution data allow us to image the molecular gas at 1.3 kpc resolution just 1.6 Gyr after the big bang. The data reveal a clumpy, extended gas reservoir, 14 ± 4 kpc in diameter, in unprecedented detail. A dynamical analysis shows that the data are consistent with a rotating disk of total dynamical mass 5.4 ± 2.4 × 1011 M☉. We use this dynamical mass estimate to constrain the CO-to-H2 mass conversion factor (αCO), finding αCO = 1.1 ± 0.6 M☉(K km s−1 pc2)−1. We identify five distinct molecular gas clumps in the disk of GN20 with masses a few percent of the total gas mass, brightness temperatures of 16–31K, and surface densities of \\textgreater3200–4500 × (αCO/0.8) M☉ pc−2. Virial mass estimates indicate they could be self-gravitating, and we constrain their CO-to-H2 mass conversion factor to be \\textless0.2–0.7 M☉(K km s−1 pc2)−1. A multiwavelength comparison demonstrates that the molecular gas is concentrated in a region of the galaxy that is heavily obscured in the rest-frame UV/optical. We investigate the spatially resolved gas excitation and find that the CO(6–5)/CO(2–1) ratio is constant with radius, consistent with star formation occurring over a large portion of the disk. We discuss the implications of our results in the context of different fueling scenarios for SMGs.","language":"en","number":"1","urldate":"2021-05-11","journal":"The Astrophysical Journal","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Hodge"],"firstnames":["J.","A."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Carilli"],"firstnames":["C.","L."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Walter"],"firstnames":["F."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Blok"],"firstnames":["W.","J.","G.","de"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Riechers"],"firstnames":["D."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Daddi"],"firstnames":["E."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Lentati"],"firstnames":["L."],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"October","year":"2012","note":"Publisher: American Astronomical Society","pages":"11","bibtex":"@article{hodge_evidence_2012,\n\ttitle = {{EVIDENCE} {FOR} {A} {CLUMPY}, {ROTATING} {GAS} {DISK} {IN} {A} {SUBMILLIMETER} {GALAXY} {ATz}= 4},\n\tvolume = {760},\n\tissn = {0004-637X},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/760/1/11},\n\tdoi = {10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/11},\n\tabstract = {We present Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array observations of the CO(2–1) emission in the z = 4.05 submillimeter galaxy (SMG) GN20. These high-resolution data allow us to image the molecular gas at 1.3 kpc resolution just 1.6 Gyr after the big bang. The data reveal a clumpy, extended gas reservoir, 14 ± 4 kpc in diameter, in unprecedented detail. A dynamical analysis shows that the data are consistent with a rotating disk of total dynamical mass 5.4 ± 2.4 × 1011 M☉. We use this dynamical mass estimate to constrain the CO-to-H2 mass conversion factor (αCO), finding αCO = 1.1 ± 0.6 M☉(K km s−1 pc2)−1. We identify five distinct molecular gas clumps in the disk of GN20 with masses a few percent of the total gas mass, brightness temperatures of 16–31K, and surface densities of {\\textgreater}3200–4500 × (αCO/0.8) M☉ pc−2. Virial mass estimates indicate they could be self-gravitating, and we constrain their CO-to-H2 mass conversion factor to be {\\textless}0.2–0.7 M☉(K km s−1 pc2)−1. A multiwavelength comparison demonstrates that the molecular gas is concentrated in a region of the galaxy that is heavily obscured in the rest-frame UV/optical. We investigate the spatially resolved gas excitation and find that the CO(6–5)/CO(2–1) ratio is constant with radius, consistent with star formation occurring over a large portion of the disk. We discuss the implications of our results in the context of different fueling scenarios for SMGs.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2021-05-11},\n\tjournal = {The Astrophysical Journal},\n\tauthor = {Hodge, J. A. and Carilli, C. L. and Walter, F. and Blok, W. J. G. de and Riechers, D. and Daddi, E. and Lentati, L.},\n\tmonth = oct,\n\tyear = {2012},\n\tnote = {Publisher: American Astronomical Society},\n\tpages = {11},\n}\n\n","author_short":["Hodge, J. A.","Carilli, C. L.","Walter, F.","Blok, W. J. G. d.","Riechers, D.","Daddi, E.","Lentati, L."],"key":"hodge_evidence_2012","id":"hodge_evidence_2012","bibbaseid":"hodge-carilli-walter-blok-riechers-daddi-lentati-evidenceforaclumpyrotatinggasdiskinasubmillimetergalaxyatz4-2012","role":"author","urls":{"Paper":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/760/1/11"},"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}}},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://bibbase.org/zotero/polyphant","dataSources":["7gvjSdWrEu7z5vjjj"],"keywords":[],"search_terms":["evidence","clumpy","rotating","gas","disk","submillimeter","galaxy","atz","hodge","carilli","walter","blok","riechers","daddi","lentati"],"title":"EVIDENCE FOR A CLUMPY, ROTATING GAS DISK IN A SUBMILLIMETER GALAXY ATz= 4","year":2012}