Tokamak start-up with electron-cyclotron heating. Holly, D., J., Prager, S., C., Shepard, D., A., & Sprott, J., C. Nuclear Fusion, 21(11):1483, 1981.
Tokamak start-up with electron-cyclotron heating [pdf]Paper  Tokamak start-up with electron-cyclotron heating [link]Website  abstract   bibtex   
Experiments are described in which the start-up voltage in a tokamak is reduced by about a factor of two by the use of a modest amount of electron cyclotron resonance heating power for pre-ionization. The solution of the zero-dimensional start-up equations indicates that the effect is due to the high initial density which increases the rate at which the conductivity increases in the neutral-dominated initial plasma. The effect extrapolates favourably to larger tokamaks. A 50% reduction in the start-up volt-second requirement and impurity reflux is also observed.

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