The effect of temperature and relative humidity on the rate of development and the mortality of Tribolium madens (Charp.)(Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). Howe, R. Annals of Applied Biology, 50(4):649–660, 1962. ![The effect of temperature and relative humidity on the rate of development and the mortality of Tribolium madens (Charp.)(Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex Using wheatfeed as food the rate of development and the developmental mortality of Tribolium madens were studied at 50 and 70%r.h. over a series of constant temperatures between 17.5 and 37.5°C. and additionally at 10, 30 and 90%r.h. at 22.5, 25 and 30°C. About 80% of eggs hatched at all temperatures except 37.5°C. where only 59% hatched. The egg period was shortest at 35°C; humidity did not affect the duration of this stage. Larvae failed to reach the pupal stage at 17.5 and 37.5°C. In all other conditions except 25°C. and 10%r.h. larval mortality was below 10%. The rate of larval development increased consistently with rise in temperature at 70%r.h., but at 50%r.h. there was an optimum between 30 and 32.5°C. Larval development was fastest at the higher humidities, except at 22.5°C. where the results were irregular. The populations used at this temperature were heterogeneous and one larva needed over 200 days to pupate. At 20°C. many larvae entered a resting stage when fully grown and some failed to pupate after 350 days, but did so when placed at 25°C. It is suggested that this resting stage might be a diapause. The duration of the pupal period was not affected by humidity but it decreased at higher temperatures. The sex ratio was significantly different from unity, with a predominance of females. The lengths of the various stages, that of the total developmental period and the weight of pupae are compared with corresponding data for T. confusum and T. castaneum. In all conditions, these smaller, more important species develop at least as quickly as T. madens. Also the temperature range over which they can breed is wider.
@article{howe_effect_1962,
title = {The effect of temperature and relative humidity on the rate of development and the mortality of {Tribolium} madens ({Charp}.)({Coleoptera}, {Tenebrionidae})},
volume = {50},
issn = {1744-7348},
url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1962.tb06065.x/full},
doi = {10.1111/j.1744-7348.1962.tb06065.x},
abstract = {Using wheatfeed as food the rate of development and the developmental mortality of Tribolium madens were studied at 50 and 70\%r.h. over a series of constant temperatures between 17.5 and 37.5°C. and additionally at 10, 30 and 90\%r.h. at 22.5, 25 and 30°C.
About 80\% of eggs hatched at all temperatures except 37.5°C. where only 59\% hatched. The egg period was shortest at 35°C; humidity did not affect the duration of this stage.
Larvae failed to reach the pupal stage at 17.5 and 37.5°C. In all other conditions except 25°C. and 10\%r.h. larval mortality was below 10\%. The rate of larval development increased consistently with rise in temperature at 70\%r.h., but at 50\%r.h. there was an optimum between 30 and 32.5°C. Larval development was fastest at the higher humidities, except at 22.5°C. where the results were irregular. The populations used at this temperature were heterogeneous and one larva needed over 200 days to pupate. At 20°C. many larvae entered a resting stage when fully grown and some failed to pupate after 350 days, but did so when placed at 25°C. It is suggested that this resting stage might be a diapause.
The duration of the pupal period was not affected by humidity but it decreased at higher temperatures. The sex ratio was significantly different from unity, with a predominance of females.
The lengths of the various stages, that of the total developmental period and the weight of pupae are compared with corresponding data for T. confusum and T. castaneum. In all conditions, these smaller, more important species develop at least as quickly as T. madens. Also the temperature range over which they can breed is wider.},
number = {4},
journal = {Annals of Applied Biology},
author = {Howe, RW},
year = {1962},
pages = {649--660}
}
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The egg period was shortest at 35°C; humidity did not affect the duration of this stage. Larvae failed to reach the pupal stage at 17.5 and 37.5°C. In all other conditions except 25°C. and 10%r.h. larval mortality was below 10%. The rate of larval development increased consistently with rise in temperature at 70%r.h., but at 50%r.h. there was an optimum between 30 and 32.5°C. Larval development was fastest at the higher humidities, except at 22.5°C. where the results were irregular. The populations used at this temperature were heterogeneous and one larva needed over 200 days to pupate. At 20°C. many larvae entered a resting stage when fully grown and some failed to pupate after 350 days, but did so when placed at 25°C. It is suggested that this resting stage might be a diapause. The duration of the pupal period was not affected by humidity but it decreased at higher temperatures. The sex ratio was significantly different from unity, with a predominance of females. The lengths of the various stages, that of the total developmental period and the weight of pupae are compared with corresponding data for T. confusum and T. castaneum. In all conditions, these smaller, more important species develop at least as quickly as T. madens. 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The egg period was shortest at 35°C; humidity did not affect the duration of this stage.\n\nLarvae failed to reach the pupal stage at 17.5 and 37.5°C. In all other conditions except 25°C. and 10\\%r.h. larval mortality was below 10\\%. The rate of larval development increased consistently with rise in temperature at 70\\%r.h., but at 50\\%r.h. there was an optimum between 30 and 32.5°C. Larval development was fastest at the higher humidities, except at 22.5°C. where the results were irregular. The populations used at this temperature were heterogeneous and one larva needed over 200 days to pupate. At 20°C. many larvae entered a resting stage when fully grown and some failed to pupate after 350 days, but did so when placed at 25°C. It is suggested that this resting stage might be a diapause.\n\nThe duration of the pupal period was not affected by humidity but it decreased at higher temperatures. 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