17.7 A 1.89nW/0.15V self-charged XO for real-time clock generation. Hsiao, K. In 2014 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference Digest of Technical Papers (ISSCC), pages 298–299, February, 2014.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
A 32.768kHz crystal (XTAL) with its oscillation circuit is widely adopted for the generation of the real-time keeping and system-standby clock. Both functions are universally demanded by various systems such as cellular phones, smart wearable devices, GPS, etc. High frequency stability against environmental variations is necessary to meet system requirements. To increase the system stand-by time under limited battery capacity, an ultra-low power crystal oscillator (XO) is strongly demanded.
@inproceedings{hsiao_17.7_2014,
	title = {17.7 {A} 1.{89nW}/0.{15V} self-charged {XO} for real-time clock generation},
	doi = {10.1109/ISSCC.2014.6757442},
	abstract = {A 32.768kHz crystal (XTAL) with its oscillation circuit is widely adopted for the generation of the real-time keeping and system-standby clock. Both functions are universally demanded by various systems such as cellular phones, smart wearable devices, GPS, etc. High frequency stability against environmental variations is necessary to meet system requirements. To increase the system stand-by time under limited battery capacity, an ultra-low power crystal oscillator (XO) is strongly demanded.},
	booktitle = {2014 {IEEE} {International} {Solid}-{State} {Circuits} {Conference} {Digest} of {Technical} {Papers} ({ISSCC})},
	author = {Hsiao, K.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Capacitors, Clocks, Crystals, Frequency measurement, Oscillators, Power demand, Solid state circuits, clocks, crystal oscillators, frequency stability, low-power electronics, oscillation circuit, power 1.89 nW, real time clock generation, self-charged XO, ultralow power crystal oscillator, voltage 0.15 V},
	pages = {298--299},
}

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