Microstructure, mechanical, and biomimetic properties of fish scales from Pagrus major. Ikoma, T., Kobayashi, H., Tanaka, J., Walsh, D., & Mann, S. Journal of Structural Biology, 142(3):327–333, June, 2003. Publisher: Academic Press Inc.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
The fish scale of Pagrus major has an orthogonal plywood structure of stratified lamellae, 1-2μm in thickness, consisting of closely packed 70- to 80-nm-diameter collagen fibers. X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and infrared spectroscopy indicate that the mineral phase in the scale is calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite containing a small amount of sodium and magnesium ions, as well as carbonate anions in phosphate sites of the apatite lattice. The tensile strength of the scale is high (∼90MPa) because of the hierarchically ordered structure of mineralized collagen fibers. Mechanical failure occurs by sliding of the lamellae and associated pulling out and fracture of the collagen fibers. In contrast, demineralized scales have significantly lower tensile strength (36MPa), indicating that interactions between the apatite crystals and collagen fibers are of fundamental importance in determining the mechanical properties. Thermal treatment of fish scales to remove the organic components produces remarkable inorganic replicas of the native orthogonal plywood structure of the fibrillary plate. The biomimetic replica produced by heating to 873K consists of stratified porous lamellae of c-axis-aligned apatite crystals that are long, narrow plates, 0.5-0.6μm in length and 0.1-0.2μm in width. The textured inorganic material remains intact when heated to 1473K, although the size of the constituent crystals increases as a result of thermal sintering. © 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
@article{ikoma_microstructure_2003,
	title = {Microstructure, mechanical, and biomimetic properties of fish scales from {Pagrus} major},
	volume = {142},
	issn = {10478477},
	doi = {10.1016/S1047-8477(03)00053-4},
	abstract = {The fish scale of Pagrus major has an orthogonal plywood structure of stratified lamellae, 1-2μm in thickness, consisting of closely packed 70- to 80-nm-diameter collagen fibers. X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and infrared spectroscopy indicate that the mineral phase in the scale is calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite containing a small amount of sodium and magnesium ions, as well as carbonate anions in phosphate sites of the apatite lattice. The tensile strength of the scale is high (∼90MPa) because of the hierarchically ordered structure of mineralized collagen fibers. Mechanical failure occurs by sliding of the lamellae and associated pulling out and fracture of the collagen fibers. In contrast, demineralized scales have significantly lower tensile strength (36MPa), indicating that interactions between the apatite crystals and collagen fibers are of fundamental importance in determining the mechanical properties. Thermal treatment of fish scales to remove the organic components produces remarkable inorganic replicas of the native orthogonal plywood structure of the fibrillary plate. The biomimetic replica produced by heating to 873K consists of stratified porous lamellae of c-axis-aligned apatite crystals that are long, narrow plates, 0.5-0.6μm in length and 0.1-0.2μm in width. The textured inorganic material remains intact when heated to 1473K, although the size of the constituent crystals increases as a result of thermal sintering. © 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2021-02-23},
	journal = {Journal of Structural Biology},
	author = {Ikoma, Toshiyuki and Kobayashi, Hisatoshi and Tanaka, Junzo and Walsh, Dominic and Mann, Stephen},
	month = jun,
	year = {2003},
	pmid = {12781659},
	note = {Publisher: Academic Press Inc.},
	keywords = {Biomimetic replica, Fish scale, Mechanical strength, Microstructure},
	pages = {327--333},
}

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