Opua Marina: Baseline survey for non-indenous marine species. Inglis, G. J., Gust, N., Fitridge, I., Floerl, O., Hayden, B. J., & Fenwick, G. D. Technical Report NIWA, Christchurch, September, 2006. ![Opua Marina: Baseline survey for non-indenous marine species [pdf]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg "pdf")
Paper abstract bibtex Executive Summary This report describes the results of a November 2002 survey to provide a baseline inventory of native, non- indigenous and cryptogenic marine species within the Opua Marina. • The survey is part of a nationwide investigation of native and non-native marine biodiversity in 13 international shipping ports and three marinas of first entry for yachts entering New Zealand from overseas. • Sampling methods used in these surveys were based on protocols developed by the Australian Centre for Research on Introduced Marine Pests (CRIMP) for baseline surveys of non-indigenous species in ports. Modifications were made to the CRIMP protocols for use in New Zealand port conditions. • A wide range of sampling techniques was used to collect marine organisms from habitats within the Opua Marina. Fouling assemblages were scraped from hard substrata by divers, benthic assemblages were sampled using a sled and benthic grabs, and a gravity corer was used to sample for dinoflagellate cysts. Mobile predators and scavengers were sampled using baited fish, crab, starfish and shrimp traps. • The distribution of sampling effort in the Opua Marina was designed to maximise the chances of detecting non-indigenous species and concentrated on high-risk locations and habitats where non-indigenous species were most likely to be found. • Organisms collected during the survey were sent to local and international taxonomic experts for identification. • A total of 122 species or higher taxa was identified from the Opua Marina survey. They consisted of 76 native species, 12 non-indigenous species, 14 cryptogenic species (those whose geographic origins are uncertain) and 20 species indeterminata (taxa for which there is insufficient taxonomic or systematic information available to allow identification to species level). • Five species of marine organisms collected from the Opua Marina, all of which are considered cryptogenic, have not previously been described from New Zealand waters. • The five species included a species of mussel whose taxonomic affinities are uncertain (Mytilus sp.), an ascidian (Pyura sp.) and three species of sponge that do not match existing species descriptions and may be new to science. • The 12 non-indigenous organisms described from the Opua Marina included representatives of six phyla. The non-indigenous species detected (ordered alphabetically by phylum, class, order, family, genus and species) were: (Annelida) Polydora cornuta, (Bryozoa) Bugula flabellata, Bugula neritina, Watersipora subtorquata, (Cnidaria) Obelia longissima, (Crustacea) Apocorophium acutum, (Mollusca) Musculista senhousia, Crassostrea gigas, Limaria orientalis, Theora lubrica, Polycera hedgpethi, (Phycophyta) Polysiphonia sertularioides. • None of the species recorded from the Opua Marina are on the New Zealand register of unwanted marine organisms. Two species – the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, and the cryptogenic toxin-producing dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium catenatum – are on the ABWMAC list of unwanted marine pests in Australia. • Most non-indigenous species located in the marina are likely to have been introduced to New Zealand accidentally by international shipping or through domestic translocation or spread from other locations in New Zealand. • Approximately 58 % (seven of 12 species) of NIS in the Opua Marina are likely to have been introduced in hull fouling assemblages, 8.5 % via ballast water and 33.5 % could have been introduced by either ballast water or hull fouling vectors. • The predominance of hull fouling species in the introduced biota of the Opua Marina (as opposed to ballast water introductions) is consistent with findings from similar port baseline studies overseas
@techreport{inglis_opua_2006,
address = {Christchurch},
type = {{NIWA} {Client} {Report}},
title = {Opua {Marina}: {Baseline} survey for non-indenous marine species},
url = {https://niwa.co.nz/static/marine-biosecurity/Inglis%20et%20al%202005_14%20OpuaMarina.pdf},
abstract = {\textit{Executive Summary}
This report describes the results of a November 2002 survey to provide a baseline inventory of native, non- indigenous and cryptogenic marine species within the Opua Marina.
• The survey is part of a nationwide investigation of native and non-native marine biodiversity in 13 international shipping ports and three marinas of first entry for yachts entering New Zealand from overseas.
• Sampling methods used in these surveys were based on protocols developed by the Australian Centre for Research on Introduced Marine Pests (CRIMP) for baseline surveys of non-indigenous species in ports. Modifications were made to the CRIMP protocols for use in New Zealand port conditions.
• A wide range of sampling techniques was used to collect marine organisms from habitats within the Opua Marina. Fouling assemblages were scraped from hard substrata by divers, benthic assemblages were sampled using a sled and benthic grabs, and a gravity corer was used to sample for dinoflagellate cysts. Mobile predators and scavengers were sampled using baited fish, crab, starfish and shrimp traps.
• The distribution of sampling effort in the Opua Marina was designed to maximise the chances of detecting non-indigenous species and concentrated on high-risk locations and habitats where non-indigenous species were most likely to be found.
• Organisms collected during the survey were sent to local and international taxonomic experts for identification.
• A total of 122 species or higher taxa was identified from the Opua Marina survey. They consisted of 76 native species, 12 non-indigenous species, 14 cryptogenic species (those whose geographic origins are uncertain) and 20 species indeterminata (taxa for which there is insufficient taxonomic or systematic information available to allow identification to species level).
• Five species of marine organisms collected from the Opua Marina, all of which are considered cryptogenic, have not previously been described from New Zealand waters.
• The five species included a species of mussel whose taxonomic affinities are uncertain (Mytilus sp.), an ascidian (Pyura sp.) and three species of sponge that do not match existing species descriptions and may be new to science.
• The 12 non-indigenous organisms described from the Opua Marina included representatives of six phyla. The non-indigenous species detected (ordered alphabetically by phylum, class, order, family, genus and species) were: (Annelida) Polydora cornuta, (Bryozoa) Bugula flabellata, Bugula neritina, Watersipora subtorquata, (Cnidaria) Obelia longissima, (Crustacea) Apocorophium acutum, (Mollusca) Musculista senhousia, Crassostrea gigas, Limaria orientalis, Theora lubrica, Polycera hedgpethi, (Phycophyta) Polysiphonia sertularioides.
• None of the species recorded from the Opua Marina are on the New Zealand register of unwanted marine organisms. Two species – the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, and the cryptogenic toxin-producing dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium catenatum – are on the ABWMAC list of unwanted marine pests in Australia.
• Most non-indigenous species located in the marina are likely to have been introduced to New Zealand accidentally by international shipping or through domestic translocation or spread from other locations in New Zealand.
• Approximately 58 \% (seven of 12 species) of NIS in the Opua Marina are likely to have been introduced in hull fouling assemblages, 8.5 \% via ballast water and 33.5 \% could have been introduced by either ballast water or hull fouling vectors.
• The predominance of hull fouling species in the introduced biota of the Opua Marina (as opposed to ballast water introductions) is consistent with findings from similar port baseline studies overseas},
institution = {NIWA},
author = {Inglis, G. J. and Gust, N. and Fitridge, I. and Floerl, O. and Hayden, B. J. and Fenwick, G. D.},
month = sep,
year = {2006},
keywords = {Biosecurity, Cryptogenic, Introduced taxa, MAF, Marine species, NIS, New Zealand, Non-indigenous marine species, Opua, Port surveys, biological invasions},
pages = {73 pp.},
}
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D."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"techreport","type":"NIWA Client Report","address":"Christchurch","title":"Opua Marina: Baseline survey for non-indenous marine species","url":"https://niwa.co.nz/static/marine-biosecurity/Inglis%20et%20al%202005_14%20OpuaMarina.pdf","abstract":"<i>Executive Summary</i> This report describes the results of a November 2002 survey to provide a baseline inventory of native, non- indigenous and cryptogenic marine species within the Opua Marina. • The survey is part of a nationwide investigation of native and non-native marine biodiversity in 13 international shipping ports and three marinas of first entry for yachts entering New Zealand from overseas. • Sampling methods used in these surveys were based on protocols developed by the Australian Centre for Research on Introduced Marine Pests (CRIMP) for baseline surveys of non-indigenous species in ports. Modifications were made to the CRIMP protocols for use in New Zealand port conditions. • A wide range of sampling techniques was used to collect marine organisms from habitats within the Opua Marina. Fouling assemblages were scraped from hard substrata by divers, benthic assemblages were sampled using a sled and benthic grabs, and a gravity corer was used to sample for dinoflagellate cysts. Mobile predators and scavengers were sampled using baited fish, crab, starfish and shrimp traps. • The distribution of sampling effort in the Opua Marina was designed to maximise the chances of detecting non-indigenous species and concentrated on high-risk locations and habitats where non-indigenous species were most likely to be found. • Organisms collected during the survey were sent to local and international taxonomic experts for identification. • A total of 122 species or higher taxa was identified from the Opua Marina survey. They consisted of 76 native species, 12 non-indigenous species, 14 cryptogenic species (those whose geographic origins are uncertain) and 20 species indeterminata (taxa for which there is insufficient taxonomic or systematic information available to allow identification to species level). • Five species of marine organisms collected from the Opua Marina, all of which are considered cryptogenic, have not previously been described from New Zealand waters. • The five species included a species of mussel whose taxonomic affinities are uncertain (Mytilus sp.), an ascidian (Pyura sp.) and three species of sponge that do not match existing species descriptions and may be new to science. • The 12 non-indigenous organisms described from the Opua Marina included representatives of six phyla. The non-indigenous species detected (ordered alphabetically by phylum, class, order, family, genus and species) were: (Annelida) Polydora cornuta, (Bryozoa) Bugula flabellata, Bugula neritina, Watersipora subtorquata, (Cnidaria) Obelia longissima, (Crustacea) Apocorophium acutum, (Mollusca) Musculista senhousia, Crassostrea gigas, Limaria orientalis, Theora lubrica, Polycera hedgpethi, (Phycophyta) Polysiphonia sertularioides. • None of the species recorded from the Opua Marina are on the New Zealand register of unwanted marine organisms. Two species – the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, and the cryptogenic toxin-producing dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium catenatum – are on the ABWMAC list of unwanted marine pests in Australia. • Most non-indigenous species located in the marina are likely to have been introduced to New Zealand accidentally by international shipping or through domestic translocation or spread from other locations in New Zealand. • Approximately 58 % (seven of 12 species) of NIS in the Opua Marina are likely to have been introduced in hull fouling assemblages, 8.5 % via ballast water and 33.5 % could have been introduced by either ballast water or hull fouling vectors. • The predominance of hull fouling species in the introduced biota of the Opua Marina (as opposed to ballast water introductions) is consistent with findings from similar port baseline studies overseas","institution":"NIWA","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Inglis"],"firstnames":["G.","J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Gust"],"firstnames":["N."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Fitridge"],"firstnames":["I."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Floerl"],"firstnames":["O."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Hayden"],"firstnames":["B.","J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Fenwick"],"firstnames":["G.","D."],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"September","year":"2006","keywords":"Biosecurity, Cryptogenic, Introduced taxa, MAF, Marine species, NIS, New Zealand, Non-indigenous marine species, Opua, Port surveys, biological invasions","pages":"73 pp.","bibtex":"@techreport{inglis_opua_2006,\n\taddress = {Christchurch},\n\ttype = {{NIWA} {Client} {Report}},\n\ttitle = {Opua {Marina}: {Baseline} survey for non-indenous marine species},\n\turl = {https://niwa.co.nz/static/marine-biosecurity/Inglis%20et%20al%202005_14%20OpuaMarina.pdf},\n\tabstract = {\\textit{Executive Summary}\nThis report describes the results of a November 2002 survey to provide a baseline inventory of native, non- indigenous and cryptogenic marine species within the Opua Marina.\n•\tThe survey is part of a nationwide investigation of native and non-native marine biodiversity in 13 international shipping ports and three marinas of first entry for yachts entering New Zealand from overseas.\n•\tSampling methods used in these surveys were based on protocols developed by the Australian Centre for Research on Introduced Marine Pests (CRIMP) for baseline surveys of non-indigenous species in ports. 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