Port of Lyttelton: Baseline survey for non-indenous marine species. Inglis, G. J., Gust, N., Fitridge, I., Floerl, O., Hayden, B. J., & Fenwick, G. D. Technical Report NIWA, Christchurch, March, 2006. ![Port of Lyttelton: Baseline survey for non-indenous marine species [pdf]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg "pdf")
Paper abstract bibtex Executive Summary This report describes the results of a March 2002 survey to provide a baseline inventory of native, non-indigenous and cryptogenic marine species within the Port of Lyttelton. • The survey is part of a nationwide investigation of native and non-native marine biodiversity in 13 international shipping ports and three marinas of first entry for yachts entering New Zealand from overseas. • Sampling methods used in these surveys were based on protocols developed by the Australian Centre for Research on Introduced Marine Pests (CRIMP) for baseline surveys of non-indigenous species in ports. Modifications were made to the CRIMP protocols for use in New Zealand port conditions. • A wide range of sampling techniques was used to collect marine organisms from a range of habitats within the Port of Lyttelton. Fouling assemblages were scraped from hard substrata by divers, benthic assemblages were sampled using a sled and benthic grabs, and a gravity corer was used to sample for dinoflagellate cysts. Mobile predators and scavengers were sampled using baited fish, crab, starfish and shrimp traps. • The distribution of sampling effort in the Port of Lyttelton was designed to maximise the chances of detecting non-indigenous species and concentrated on high-risk locations and habitats where non-indigenous species were most likely to be found. • Organisms collected during the survey were sent to local and international taxonomic experts for identification. • A total of 246 species or higher taxa was identified from the Lyttelton Port survey. They consisted of 150 native species, 20 non-indigenous species, 22 cryptogenic species (those whose geographic origins are uncertain) and 54 species indeterminata (taxa for which there is insufficient taxonomic or systematic information available to allow identification to species level). • Fourteen species of marine organisms collected from the Port of Lyttelton have not previously been described from New Zealand waters. Two of these were non-indigenous species (a crab, Cancer gibbosulus, and an ascidian, Cnemidocarpa sp.) that had not previously been recorded in New Zealand. The 12 other new species are considered cryptogenic. They include seven species of amphipod and 5 species of sponge which do not match existing species descriptions and may be new to science. • The 20 non-indigenous organisms described from the Port of Lyttelton included representatives of six phyla. The non-indigenous species detected (ordered alphabetically by phylum, class, order, family, genus and species) were: (Bryozoa) Bugula flabellata, Bugula neritina, Tricellaria inopinata, Cryptosula pallasiana, Conopeum seurati and Watersipora subtorquata, (Cnidaria) Haliplanella lineata, (Crustacea) Apocorophium acutum, Monocorophium acherusicum, Monocorophium sextonae, Jassa slatteryi, Stenothoe sp. aff. S. gallensis and Cancer gibbosulus, (Mollusca) Theora lubrica, (Phycophyta) Undaria pinnatifida, Griffithsia crassiuscula, Polysiphonia brodiaei, Polysiphonia subtilissima, (Urochordata) Ciona intestinalis and Cnemidocarpa sp. • The only species from the Port of Lyttelton on the New Zealand register of unwanted organisms is the Asian kelp, Undaria pinnatifida. This alga is known to now have a wide distribution in southern and eastern New Zealand. • Most non-indigenous species located in the Port are likely to have been introduced to New Zealand accidentally by international shipping or through domestic translocation or spread from other locations in New Zealand. • Approximately 80 % (16 of 20 species) of NIS in the Port of Lyttelton are likely to have been introduced in hull fouling assemblages, 5 % (one species) via ballast water and 15 % (3 species) could have been introduced by either ballast water or hull fouling vectors. • The predominance of hull fouling species in the introduced biota of the Port of Lyttelton (as opposed to ballast water introductions) is consistent with findings from similar port baseline studies overseas.
@techreport{inglis_port_2006-8,
address = {Christchurch},
type = {{NIWA} {Client} {Report}},
title = {Port of {Lyttelton}: {Baseline} survey for non-indenous marine species},
url = {https://niwa.co.nz/static/marine-biosecurity/2005-01-port-of-lyttelton.pdf},
abstract = {\textit{Executive Summary}
This report describes the results of a March 2002 survey to provide a baseline inventory of native, non-indigenous and cryptogenic marine species within the Port of Lyttelton.
• The survey is part of a nationwide investigation of native and non-native marine biodiversity in 13 international shipping ports and three marinas of first entry for yachts entering New Zealand from overseas.
• Sampling methods used in these surveys were based on protocols developed by the Australian Centre for Research on Introduced Marine Pests (CRIMP) for baseline surveys of non-indigenous species in ports. Modifications were made to the CRIMP protocols for use in New Zealand port conditions.
• A wide range of sampling techniques was used to collect marine organisms from a range of habitats within the Port of Lyttelton. Fouling assemblages were scraped from hard substrata by divers, benthic assemblages were sampled using a sled and benthic grabs, and a gravity corer was used to sample for dinoflagellate cysts. Mobile predators and scavengers were sampled using baited fish, crab, starfish and shrimp traps.
• The distribution of sampling effort in the Port of Lyttelton was designed to maximise the chances of detecting non-indigenous species and concentrated on high-risk locations and habitats where non-indigenous species were most likely to be found.
• Organisms collected during the survey were sent to local and international taxonomic experts for identification.
• A total of 246 species or higher taxa was identified from the Lyttelton Port survey. They consisted of 150 native species, 20 non-indigenous species, 22 cryptogenic species (those whose geographic origins are uncertain) and 54 species indeterminata (taxa for which there is insufficient taxonomic or systematic information available to allow identification to species level).
• Fourteen species of marine organisms collected from the Port of Lyttelton have not previously been described from New Zealand waters. Two of these were non-indigenous species (a crab, Cancer gibbosulus, and an ascidian, Cnemidocarpa sp.) that had not previously been recorded in New Zealand. The 12 other new species are considered cryptogenic. They include seven species of amphipod and 5 species of sponge which do not match existing species descriptions and may be new to science.
• The 20 non-indigenous organisms described from the Port of Lyttelton included representatives of six phyla. The non-indigenous species detected (ordered alphabetically by phylum, class, order, family, genus and species) were: (Bryozoa) Bugula flabellata, Bugula neritina, Tricellaria inopinata, Cryptosula pallasiana, Conopeum seurati and Watersipora subtorquata, (Cnidaria) Haliplanella lineata, (Crustacea) Apocorophium acutum, Monocorophium acherusicum, Monocorophium sextonae, Jassa slatteryi, Stenothoe sp. aff. S. gallensis and Cancer gibbosulus, (Mollusca) Theora lubrica, (Phycophyta) Undaria pinnatifida, Griffithsia crassiuscula, Polysiphonia brodiaei, Polysiphonia subtilissima, (Urochordata) Ciona intestinalis and Cnemidocarpa sp.
• The only species from the Port of Lyttelton on the New Zealand register of unwanted organisms is the Asian kelp, Undaria pinnatifida. This alga is known to now have a wide distribution in southern and eastern New Zealand.
• Most non-indigenous species located in the Port are likely to have been introduced to New Zealand accidentally by international shipping or through domestic translocation or spread from other locations in New Zealand.
• Approximately 80 \% (16 of 20 species) of NIS in the Port of Lyttelton are likely to have been introduced in hull fouling assemblages, 5 \% (one species) via ballast water and 15 \% (3 species) could have been introduced by either ballast water or hull fouling vectors.
• The predominance of hull fouling species in the introduced biota of the Port of Lyttelton (as opposed to ballast water introductions) is consistent with findings from similar port baseline studies overseas.},
institution = {NIWA},
author = {Inglis, G. J. and Gust, N. and Fitridge, I. and Floerl, O. and Hayden, B. J. and Fenwick, G. D.},
month = mar,
year = {2006},
keywords = {Biosecurity, Cryptogenic, Introduced taxa, Lyttelton Harbour, MAF, Marine species, NIS, New Zealand, Non-indigenous marine species, Port surveys, biological invasions},
pages = {82 pp.},
}
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D."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"techreport","type":"NIWA Client Report","address":"Christchurch","title":"Port of Lyttelton: Baseline survey for non-indenous marine species","url":"https://niwa.co.nz/static/marine-biosecurity/2005-01-port-of-lyttelton.pdf","abstract":"<i>Executive Summary</i> This report describes the results of a March 2002 survey to provide a baseline inventory of native, non-indigenous and cryptogenic marine species within the Port of Lyttelton. • The survey is part of a nationwide investigation of native and non-native marine biodiversity in 13 international shipping ports and three marinas of first entry for yachts entering New Zealand from overseas. • Sampling methods used in these surveys were based on protocols developed by the Australian Centre for Research on Introduced Marine Pests (CRIMP) for baseline surveys of non-indigenous species in ports. Modifications were made to the CRIMP protocols for use in New Zealand port conditions. • A wide range of sampling techniques was used to collect marine organisms from a range of habitats within the Port of Lyttelton. Fouling assemblages were scraped from hard substrata by divers, benthic assemblages were sampled using a sled and benthic grabs, and a gravity corer was used to sample for dinoflagellate cysts. Mobile predators and scavengers were sampled using baited fish, crab, starfish and shrimp traps. • The distribution of sampling effort in the Port of Lyttelton was designed to maximise the chances of detecting non-indigenous species and concentrated on high-risk locations and habitats where non-indigenous species were most likely to be found. • Organisms collected during the survey were sent to local and international taxonomic experts for identification. • A total of 246 species or higher taxa was identified from the Lyttelton Port survey. They consisted of 150 native species, 20 non-indigenous species, 22 cryptogenic species (those whose geographic origins are uncertain) and 54 species indeterminata (taxa for which there is insufficient taxonomic or systematic information available to allow identification to species level). • Fourteen species of marine organisms collected from the Port of Lyttelton have not previously been described from New Zealand waters. Two of these were non-indigenous species (a crab, Cancer gibbosulus, and an ascidian, Cnemidocarpa sp.) that had not previously been recorded in New Zealand. The 12 other new species are considered cryptogenic. They include seven species of amphipod and 5 species of sponge which do not match existing species descriptions and may be new to science. • The 20 non-indigenous organisms described from the Port of Lyttelton included representatives of six phyla. The non-indigenous species detected (ordered alphabetically by phylum, class, order, family, genus and species) were: (Bryozoa) Bugula flabellata, Bugula neritina, Tricellaria inopinata, Cryptosula pallasiana, Conopeum seurati and Watersipora subtorquata, (Cnidaria) Haliplanella lineata, (Crustacea) Apocorophium acutum, Monocorophium acherusicum, Monocorophium sextonae, Jassa slatteryi, Stenothoe sp. aff. S. gallensis and Cancer gibbosulus, (Mollusca) Theora lubrica, (Phycophyta) Undaria pinnatifida, Griffithsia crassiuscula, Polysiphonia brodiaei, Polysiphonia subtilissima, (Urochordata) Ciona intestinalis and Cnemidocarpa sp. • The only species from the Port of Lyttelton on the New Zealand register of unwanted organisms is the Asian kelp, Undaria pinnatifida. 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