Whangarei Harbour (Whangarei Port and Marsden Point): Baseline survey for non-indenous marine species. Inglis, G. J., Gust, N., Fitridge, I., Floerl, O., Hayden, B. J., & Fenwick, G. D. Technical Report NIWA, Christchurch, March, 2006. ![Whangarei Harbour (Whangarei Port and Marsden Point): Baseline survey for non-indenous marine species [pdf]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg "pdf")
Paper abstract bibtex Executive Summary This report describes the results of a November 2002 survey to provide a baseline inventory of native, non indigenous and cryptogenic marine species within the Port of Whangarei, located near the city of Whangarei, and shipping terminals at Marsden Point operated by Northport and the New Zealand Refining Company. • The survey is part of a nationwide investigation of native and non-native marine biodiversity in 13 international shipping ports and three marinas of first entry for yachts entering New Zealand from overseas. • Sampling methods used in these surveys were based on protocols developed by the Australian Centre for Research on Introduced Marine Pests (CRIMP) for baseline surveys of non-indigenous species in ports. Modifications were made to the CRIMP protocols for use in New Zealand port conditions. • A wide range of sampling techniques was used to collect marine organisms from habitats within the two Whangarei Harbour facilities. Fouling assemblages were scraped from hard substrata by divers, benthic assemblages were sampled using a sled and benthic grabs, and a gravity corer was used to sample for dinoflagellate cysts. Mobile predators and scavengers were sampled using baited fish, crab, starfish and shrimp traps. • The distribution of sampling effort in the Port of Whangarei and Marsden Point facility was designed to maximise the chances of detecting non-indigenous species and concentrated on high-risk locations and habitats where non-indigenous species were most likely to be found. • Organisms collected during the survey were sent to local and international taxonomic experts for identification. • A total of 207 species or higher taxa was identified from the Whangarei Port and Marsden Point survey. They consisted of 128 native species, 19 non-indigenous species, 38 cryptogenic species (those whose geographic origins are uncertain) and 22 species indeterminata (taxa for which there is insufficient taxonomic or systematic information available to allow identification to species level). • Eighteen species of marine organisms collected from the two Whangarei Harbour facilities have not previously been described from New Zealand waters. One of these was a newly discovered non-indigenous species of bryozoan (Celleporaria sp.1). Fourteen of the other 17 newly recorded species do not match existing taxonomic descriptions within New Zealand or overseas and may be new to science. • The 19 non-indigenous organisms described from the Port of Whangarei and Marsden Point facility included representatives of six phyla. The non-indigenous species detected (ordered alphabetically by phylum, class, order, family, genus and species) were: (Annelida) Ficopomatus enigmaticus, Polydora hoplura, Pseudopolydora kempi and Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, (Bryozoa) Bugula flabellata, Bugula neritina, Bugula stolonifera, Tricellaria inopinata, Cryptosula pallasiana, Celleporaria sp.1, Schizoporella errata and Watersipora subtorquata, (Cnidaria) Obelia longissima, (Crustacea) Jassa slatteryi and Pyromaia tuberculata, (Mollusca) Crassostrea gigas and Theora lubrica, (Porifera) Vosmaeropsis cf macera and Cliona celata. • None of the species from the Whangarei Harbour is currently listed on the New Zealand register of unwanted marine organisms. Resting cysts of the cryptogenic toxin-producing dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium catenatum was recorded in sediment samples taken from Marsden Point. G. catenatum is one of four toxic dinoflagellates listed on the Australian ABWMAC list of unwanted marine pests. • Most non-indigenous species located in the Harbour are likely to have been introduced to New Zealand accidentally by international shipping. Approximately 69 % (13 of 19 species) of NIS in the Whangarei Harbour are likely to have been introduced in hull fouling assemblages, 5 % via ballast water and 26 % could have been introduced by either ballast water or hull fouling vectors. • The predominance of hull fouling species in the introduced biota of the Port of Whangarei and Marsden Point facility (as opposed to ballast water introductions) is consistent with findings from similar port baseline studies overseas.
@techreport{inglis_whangarei_2006-1,
address = {Christchurch},
type = {{NIWA} {Client} {Report}},
title = {Whangarei {Harbour} ({Whangarei} {Port} and {Marsden} {Point}): {Baseline} survey for non-indenous marine species},
url = {https://niwa.co.nz/static/marine-biosecurity/Inglis%20et%20al%202005_16%20PortOfWhangarei.pdf},
abstract = {\textit{Executive Summary}
This report describes the results of a November 2002 survey to provide a baseline inventory of native, non indigenous and cryptogenic marine species within the Port of Whangarei, located near the city of Whangarei, and shipping terminals at Marsden Point operated by Northport and the New Zealand Refining Company.
• The survey is part of a nationwide investigation of native and non-native marine biodiversity in 13 international shipping ports and three marinas of first entry for yachts entering New Zealand from overseas.
• Sampling methods used in these surveys were based on protocols developed by the Australian Centre for Research on Introduced Marine Pests (CRIMP) for baseline surveys of non-indigenous species in ports. Modifications were made to the CRIMP protocols for use in New Zealand port conditions.
• A wide range of sampling techniques was used to collect marine organisms from habitats within the two Whangarei Harbour facilities. Fouling assemblages were scraped from hard substrata by divers, benthic assemblages were sampled using a sled and benthic grabs, and a gravity corer was used to sample for dinoflagellate cysts. Mobile predators and scavengers were sampled using baited fish, crab, starfish and shrimp traps.
• The distribution of sampling effort in the Port of Whangarei and Marsden Point facility was designed to maximise the chances of detecting non-indigenous species and concentrated on high-risk locations and habitats where non-indigenous species were most likely to be found.
• Organisms collected during the survey were sent to local and international taxonomic experts for identification.
• A total of 207 species or higher taxa was identified from the Whangarei Port and Marsden Point survey. They consisted of 128 native species, 19 non-indigenous species, 38 cryptogenic species (those whose geographic origins are uncertain) and 22 species indeterminata (taxa for which there is insufficient taxonomic or systematic information available to allow identification to species level).
• Eighteen species of marine organisms collected from the two Whangarei Harbour facilities have not previously been described from New Zealand waters. One of these was a newly discovered non-indigenous species of bryozoan (Celleporaria sp.1). Fourteen of the other 17 newly recorded species do not match existing taxonomic descriptions within New Zealand or overseas and may be new to science.
• The 19 non-indigenous organisms described from the Port of Whangarei and Marsden Point facility included representatives of six phyla. The non-indigenous species detected (ordered alphabetically by phylum, class, order, family, genus and species) were: (Annelida) Ficopomatus enigmaticus, Polydora hoplura, Pseudopolydora kempi and Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, (Bryozoa) Bugula flabellata, Bugula neritina, Bugula stolonifera, Tricellaria inopinata, Cryptosula pallasiana, Celleporaria sp.1, Schizoporella errata and Watersipora subtorquata, (Cnidaria) Obelia longissima, (Crustacea) Jassa slatteryi and Pyromaia tuberculata, (Mollusca) Crassostrea gigas and Theora lubrica, (Porifera) Vosmaeropsis cf macera and Cliona celata.
• None of the species from the Whangarei Harbour is currently listed on the New Zealand register of unwanted marine organisms. Resting cysts of the cryptogenic toxin-producing dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium catenatum was recorded in sediment samples taken from Marsden Point. G. catenatum is one of four toxic dinoflagellates listed on the Australian ABWMAC list of unwanted marine pests.
• Most non-indigenous species located in the Harbour are likely to have been introduced to New Zealand accidentally by international shipping. Approximately 69 \% (13 of 19 species) of NIS in the Whangarei Harbour are likely to have been introduced in hull fouling assemblages, 5 \% via ballast water and 26 \% could have been introduced by either ballast water or hull fouling vectors.
• The predominance of hull fouling species in the introduced biota of the Port of Whangarei and Marsden Point facility (as opposed to ballast water introductions) is consistent with findings from similar port baseline studies overseas.},
institution = {NIWA},
author = {Inglis, G. J. and Gust, N. and Fitridge, I. and Floerl, O. and Hayden, B. J. and Fenwick, G. D.},
month = mar,
year = {2006},
keywords = {Biosecurity, Cryptogenic, Introduced taxa, MAF, Marine species, Marsden Point, NIS, New Zealand, Non-indigenous marine species, Port surveys, Whangarei Harbour, Whangarei Port, biological invasions},
pages = {82 pp.},
}
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D."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"techreport","type":"NIWA Client Report","address":"Christchurch","title":"Whangarei Harbour (Whangarei Port and Marsden Point): Baseline survey for non-indenous marine species","url":"https://niwa.co.nz/static/marine-biosecurity/Inglis%20et%20al%202005_16%20PortOfWhangarei.pdf","abstract":"<i>Executive Summary</i> This report describes the results of a November 2002 survey to provide a baseline inventory of native, non indigenous and cryptogenic marine species within the Port of Whangarei, located near the city of Whangarei, and shipping terminals at Marsden Point operated by Northport and the New Zealand Refining Company. • The survey is part of a nationwide investigation of native and non-native marine biodiversity in 13 international shipping ports and three marinas of first entry for yachts entering New Zealand from overseas. • Sampling methods used in these surveys were based on protocols developed by the Australian Centre for Research on Introduced Marine Pests (CRIMP) for baseline surveys of non-indigenous species in ports. Modifications were made to the CRIMP protocols for use in New Zealand port conditions. • A wide range of sampling techniques was used to collect marine organisms from habitats within the two Whangarei Harbour facilities. Fouling assemblages were scraped from hard substrata by divers, benthic assemblages were sampled using a sled and benthic grabs, and a gravity corer was used to sample for dinoflagellate cysts. Mobile predators and scavengers were sampled using baited fish, crab, starfish and shrimp traps. • The distribution of sampling effort in the Port of Whangarei and Marsden Point facility was designed to maximise the chances of detecting non-indigenous species and concentrated on high-risk locations and habitats where non-indigenous species were most likely to be found. • Organisms collected during the survey were sent to local and international taxonomic experts for identification. • A total of 207 species or higher taxa was identified from the Whangarei Port and Marsden Point survey. They consisted of 128 native species, 19 non-indigenous species, 38 cryptogenic species (those whose geographic origins are uncertain) and 22 species indeterminata (taxa for which there is insufficient taxonomic or systematic information available to allow identification to species level). • Eighteen species of marine organisms collected from the two Whangarei Harbour facilities have not previously been described from New Zealand waters. One of these was a newly discovered non-indigenous species of bryozoan (Celleporaria sp.1). Fourteen of the other 17 newly recorded species do not match existing taxonomic descriptions within New Zealand or overseas and may be new to science. • The 19 non-indigenous organisms described from the Port of Whangarei and Marsden Point facility included representatives of six phyla. The non-indigenous species detected (ordered alphabetically by phylum, class, order, family, genus and species) were: (Annelida) Ficopomatus enigmaticus, Polydora hoplura, Pseudopolydora kempi and Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, (Bryozoa) Bugula flabellata, Bugula neritina, Bugula stolonifera, Tricellaria inopinata, Cryptosula pallasiana, Celleporaria sp.1, Schizoporella errata and Watersipora subtorquata, (Cnidaria) Obelia longissima, (Crustacea) Jassa slatteryi and Pyromaia tuberculata, (Mollusca) Crassostrea gigas and Theora lubrica, (Porifera) Vosmaeropsis cf macera and Cliona celata. • None of the species from the Whangarei Harbour is currently listed on the New Zealand register of unwanted marine organisms. Resting cysts of the cryptogenic toxin-producing dinoflagellate, Gymnodinium catenatum was recorded in sediment samples taken from Marsden Point. G. catenatum is one of four toxic dinoflagellates listed on the Australian ABWMAC list of unwanted marine pests. • Most non-indigenous species located in the Harbour are likely to have been introduced to New Zealand accidentally by international shipping. Approximately 69 % (13 of 19 species) of NIS in the Whangarei Harbour are likely to have been introduced in hull fouling assemblages, 5 % via ballast water and 26 % could have been introduced by either ballast water or hull fouling vectors. • The predominance of hull fouling species in the introduced biota of the Port of Whangarei and Marsden Point facility (as opposed to ballast water introductions) is consistent with findings from similar port baseline studies overseas.","institution":"NIWA","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Inglis"],"firstnames":["G.","J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Gust"],"firstnames":["N."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Fitridge"],"firstnames":["I."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Floerl"],"firstnames":["O."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Hayden"],"firstnames":["B.","J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Fenwick"],"firstnames":["G.","D."],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"March","year":"2006","keywords":"Biosecurity, Cryptogenic, Introduced taxa, MAF, Marine species, Marsden Point, NIS, New Zealand, Non-indigenous marine species, Port surveys, Whangarei Harbour, Whangarei Port, biological invasions","pages":"82 pp.","bibtex":"@techreport{inglis_whangarei_2006-1,\n\taddress = {Christchurch},\n\ttype = {{NIWA} {Client} {Report}},\n\ttitle = {Whangarei {Harbour} ({Whangarei} {Port} and {Marsden} {Point}): {Baseline} survey for non-indenous marine species},\n\turl = {https://niwa.co.nz/static/marine-biosecurity/Inglis%20et%20al%202005_16%20PortOfWhangarei.pdf},\n\tabstract = {\\textit{Executive Summary}\nThis report describes the results of a November 2002 survey to provide a baseline inventory of native, non indigenous and cryptogenic marine species within the Port of Whangarei, located near the city of Whangarei, and shipping terminals at Marsden Point operated by Northport and the New Zealand Refining Company.\n•\tThe survey is part of a nationwide investigation of native and non-native marine biodiversity in 13 international shipping ports and three marinas of first entry for yachts entering New Zealand from overseas.\n•\tSampling methods used in these surveys were based on protocols developed by the Australian Centre for Research on Introduced Marine Pests (CRIMP) for baseline surveys of non-indigenous species in ports. 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