@techreport{inglis_port_2008-1,
	address = {Christchurch},
	type = {{NIWA} {Client} {Report}},
	title = {Port of {Timaru}: {Second} baseline survey for non-indenous marine species},
	url = {https://niwa.co.nz/static/marine-biosecurity/Inglis%20et%20al%202008%20port%20of%20timaru.pdf},
	abstract = {\textit{Executive summary}
•	This report describes the results of a repeat port baseline survey of the Port of Timaru undertaken in November 2004. The survey provides a second inventory of native, non indigenous and cryptogenic marine species within the port and compares the biota with the results of an earlier port baseline survey of the Port of Timaru undertaken in February 2002.
•	The survey is part of a nationwide investigation of native and non-native marine biodiversity in 13 international shipping ports and three marinas of first entry for yachts entering New Zealand from overseas.
•	To allow a direct comparison between the initial baseline survey and the resurvey of the Port of Timaru, the survey used the same methodologies, occurred in the same season and, where possible, sampled the same sites used in the initial baseline survey. To improve the description of the biota of the port, some additional survey sites were added during the repeat survey.
•	Sampling methods used in both surveys were based on protocols developed by the Australian Centre for Research on Introduced Marine Pests (CRIMP) for baseline surveys of non-indigenous species (NIS) in ports. Modifications were made to the CRIMP protocols for use in New Zealand port conditions. These are described in more detail in the body of the report.
•	A wide range of sampling techniques was used to collect marine organisms from habitats within the Port of Timaru. Fouling assemblages were scraped from hard substrata by divers, benthic assemblages were sampled using a sled and benthic grabs, and a gravity corer was used to sample for dinoflagellate cysts. Mobile predators and scavengers were sampled using baited fish, crab, starfish and shrimp traps.
•	Sampling effort was distributed in the Port of Timaru according to priorities identified in the CRIMP protocols, which are designed to maximise the chances of detecting non-indigenous species. Most effort was concentrated on high-risk locations and habitats where non-indigenous species were most likely to be found.
•	Organisms collected during the survey were sent to local and international taxonomic experts for identification.
•	A total of 275 species or higher taxa were identified in the first survey of the Port of Timaru in February 2002. They consisted of 172 native species, 15 non-indigenous species, 39 cryptogenic species (those whose geographic origins are uncertain) and 49 species indeterminata (taxa for which there is insufficient taxonomic or systematic information available to allow identification to species level).
•	During the repeat survey, 230 species or higher taxa were recorded, including 136 native species, 21 non-indigenous species, 33 cryptogenic species and 40 species indeterminata. Many species were common to both surveys. Around 59\% of the native species, 57\% of non-indigenous species, and 58\% of cryptogenic species recorded during the repeat survey were also found in the earlier survey.
•	The 21 non-indigenous organisms found in the repeat survey of the Port of Timaru included representatives of 6 major taxonomic groups. The non-indigenous species detected were: Euchone limnicola, Spirobranchus polytrema, Polydora hoplura (Annelida); Bugula flabellata, B. neritina, Cryptosula pallasiana, Celleporaria nodulosa, Watersipora subtorquata (Bryozoa); Monotheca pulchella, Amphisbetia maplestonei?, Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus, Synthecium subventricosum (Cnidaria); Caprella mutica, Apocorophium acutum, Monocorophium acherusicum, Jassa marmorata, J. slatteryi, J. staudei (Crustacea); Griffithsia crassiuscula, Undaria pinnatifida (Macroalgae); Ciona intestinalis (Urochordata). Nine of these species – Spirobranchus polytrema, Polydora hoplura (Annelida); Celleporaria nodulosa (Bryozoa); Monotheca pulchella, Amphisbetia maplestonei?, Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus, Synthecium subventricosum (Cnidaria); Jassa marmorata, J. staudei (Malacostraca) – were not recorded in the earlier baseline survey of the Port of Timaru. In addition, 3 non-indigenous species that were present in the first survey – Barantolla lepte (Annelida), Cancer gibbosulus (Crustacea) and Polysiphonia sublitissima (Macroalgae) – were not found during the repeat survey.
•	17 species recorded in the repeat survey had not been described from New Zealand waters prior to the baseline surveys. Five of these were non-indigenous species (a polychaete worm, Spirobranchus polytrema, a bryozoan, Celleporaria nodulosa, a hydroid, Amphisbetis maplestonei, and two amphipods, Caprella mutica and Jassa staudei). The remaining 12 species do not correspond with existing species descriptions from New Zealand or overseas and may be new to science.
•	The only species from the Port of Timaru on the New Zealand register of unwanted organisms is the Asian kelp, Undaria pinnatifida. This alga is known to now have a wide distribution in southern and eastern New Zealand.
•	Most non-indigenous species located in the Port are likely to have been introduced to New Zealand accidentally by international shipping or spread from other locations in New Zealand (including translocation by shipping).
•	Approximately 86 \% (18 of 21 species) of NIS in the Port of Timaru are likely to have been introduced in hull fouling assemblages, and 14 \% (3 species) could have been introduced by either ballast water or hull fouling vectors.
•	The predominance of hull fouling species in the introduced biota of the Port of Timaru (as opposed to ballast water introductions) is consistent with findings from similar port baseline studies overseas.},
	institution = {NIWA},
	author = {Inglis, G. J. and Gust, N. and Fitridge, I. and Floerl, O. and Woods, C. and Kospartov, M. and Hayden, B. J. and Fenwick, G. D.},
	month = may,
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {Biosecurity, Cryptogenic, Introduced taxa, MAF, Marine species, NIS, New Zealand, Non-indigenous marine species, Port surveys, Timaru, biological invasions},
	pages = {150 pp.},
}

{"_id":"zgTcMqNZnJfG4sfAD","bibbaseid":"inglis-gust-fitridge-floerl-woods-kospartov-hayden-fenwick-portoftimarusecondbaselinesurveyfornonindenousmarinespecies-2008","author_short":["Inglis, G. J.","Gust, N.","Fitridge, I.","Floerl, O.","Woods, C.","Kospartov, M.","Hayden, B. J.","Fenwick, G. D."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"techreport","type":"NIWA Client Report","address":"Christchurch","title":"Port of Timaru: Second baseline survey for non-indenous marine species","url":"https://niwa.co.nz/static/marine-biosecurity/Inglis%20et%20al%202008%20port%20of%20timaru.pdf","abstract":"<i>Executive summary</i> • This report describes the results of a repeat port baseline survey of the Port of Timaru undertaken in November 2004. The survey provides a second inventory of native, non indigenous and cryptogenic marine species within the port and compares the biota with the results of an earlier port baseline survey of the Port of Timaru undertaken in February 2002. • The survey is part of a nationwide investigation of native and non-native marine biodiversity in 13 international shipping ports and three marinas of first entry for yachts entering New Zealand from overseas. • To allow a direct comparison between the initial baseline survey and the resurvey of the Port of Timaru, the survey used the same methodologies, occurred in the same season and, where possible, sampled the same sites used in the initial baseline survey. To improve the description of the biota of the port, some additional survey sites were added during the repeat survey. • Sampling methods used in both surveys were based on protocols developed by the Australian Centre for Research on Introduced Marine Pests (CRIMP) for baseline surveys of non-indigenous species (NIS) in ports. Modifications were made to the CRIMP protocols for use in New Zealand port conditions. These are described in more detail in the body of the report. • A wide range of sampling techniques was used to collect marine organisms from habitats within the Port of Timaru. Fouling assemblages were scraped from hard substrata by divers, benthic assemblages were sampled using a sled and benthic grabs, and a gravity corer was used to sample for dinoflagellate cysts. Mobile predators and scavengers were sampled using baited fish, crab, starfish and shrimp traps. • Sampling effort was distributed in the Port of Timaru according to priorities identified in the CRIMP protocols, which are designed to maximise the chances of detecting non-indigenous species. Most effort was concentrated on high-risk locations and habitats where non-indigenous species were most likely to be found. • Organisms collected during the survey were sent to local and international taxonomic experts for identification. • A total of 275 species or higher taxa were identified in the first survey of the Port of Timaru in February 2002. They consisted of 172 native species, 15 non-indigenous species, 39 cryptogenic species (those whose geographic origins are uncertain) and 49 species indeterminata (taxa for which there is insufficient taxonomic or systematic information available to allow identification to species level). • During the repeat survey, 230 species or higher taxa were recorded, including 136 native species, 21 non-indigenous species, 33 cryptogenic species and 40 species indeterminata. Many species were common to both surveys. Around 59% of the native species, 57% of non-indigenous species, and 58% of cryptogenic species recorded during the repeat survey were also found in the earlier survey. • The 21 non-indigenous organisms found in the repeat survey of the Port of Timaru included representatives of 6 major taxonomic groups. The non-indigenous species detected were: Euchone limnicola, Spirobranchus polytrema, Polydora hoplura (Annelida); Bugula flabellata, B. neritina, Cryptosula pallasiana, Celleporaria nodulosa, Watersipora subtorquata (Bryozoa); Monotheca pulchella, Amphisbetia maplestonei?, Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus, Synthecium subventricosum (Cnidaria); Caprella mutica, Apocorophium acutum, Monocorophium acherusicum, Jassa marmorata, J. slatteryi, J. staudei (Crustacea); Griffithsia crassiuscula, Undaria pinnatifida (Macroalgae); Ciona intestinalis (Urochordata). Nine of these species – Spirobranchus polytrema, Polydora hoplura (Annelida); Celleporaria nodulosa (Bryozoa); Monotheca pulchella, Amphisbetia maplestonei?, Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus, Synthecium subventricosum (Cnidaria); Jassa marmorata, J. staudei (Malacostraca) – were not recorded in the earlier baseline survey of the Port of Timaru. In addition, 3 non-indigenous species that were present in the first survey – Barantolla lepte (Annelida), Cancer gibbosulus (Crustacea) and Polysiphonia sublitissima (Macroalgae) – were not found during the repeat survey. • 17 species recorded in the repeat survey had not been described from New Zealand waters prior to the baseline surveys. Five of these were non-indigenous species (a polychaete worm, Spirobranchus polytrema, a bryozoan, Celleporaria nodulosa, a hydroid, Amphisbetis maplestonei, and two amphipods, Caprella mutica and Jassa staudei). The remaining 12 species do not correspond with existing species descriptions from New Zealand or overseas and may be new to science. • The only species from the Port of Timaru on the New Zealand register of unwanted organisms is the Asian kelp, Undaria pinnatifida. This alga is known to now have a wide distribution in southern and eastern New Zealand. • Most non-indigenous species located in the Port are likely to have been introduced to New Zealand accidentally by international shipping or spread from other locations in New Zealand (including translocation by shipping). • Approximately 86 % (18 of 21 species) of NIS in the Port of Timaru are likely to have been introduced in hull fouling assemblages, and 14 % (3 species) could have been introduced by either ballast water or hull fouling vectors. • The predominance of hull fouling species in the introduced biota of the Port of Timaru (as opposed to ballast water introductions) is consistent with findings from similar port baseline studies overseas.","institution":"NIWA","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Inglis"],"firstnames":["G.","J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Gust"],"firstnames":["N."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Fitridge"],"firstnames":["I."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Floerl"],"firstnames":["O."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Woods"],"firstnames":["C."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Kospartov"],"firstnames":["M."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Hayden"],"firstnames":["B.","J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Fenwick"],"firstnames":["G.","D."],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"May","year":"2008","keywords":"Biosecurity, Cryptogenic, Introduced taxa, MAF, Marine species, NIS, New Zealand, Non-indigenous marine species, Port surveys, Timaru, biological invasions","pages":"150 pp.","bibtex":"@techreport{inglis_port_2008-1,\n\taddress = {Christchurch},\n\ttype = {{NIWA} {Client} {Report}},\n\ttitle = {Port of {Timaru}: {Second} baseline survey for non-indenous marine species},\n\turl = {https://niwa.co.nz/static/marine-biosecurity/Inglis%20et%20al%202008%20port%20of%20timaru.pdf},\n\tabstract = {\\textit{Executive summary}\n•\tThis report describes the results of a repeat port baseline survey of the Port of Timaru undertaken in November 2004. The survey provides a second inventory of native, non indigenous and cryptogenic marine species within the port and compares the biota with the results of an earlier port baseline survey of the Port of Timaru undertaken in February 2002.\n•\tThe survey is part of a nationwide investigation of native and non-native marine biodiversity in 13 international shipping ports and three marinas of first entry for yachts entering New Zealand from overseas.\n•\tTo allow a direct comparison between the initial baseline survey and the resurvey of the Port of Timaru, the survey used the same methodologies, occurred in the same season and, where possible, sampled the same sites used in the initial baseline survey. To improve the description of the biota of the port, some additional survey sites were added during the repeat survey.\n•\tSampling methods used in both surveys were based on protocols developed by the Australian Centre for Research on Introduced Marine Pests (CRIMP) for baseline surveys of non-indigenous species (NIS) in ports. Modifications were made to the CRIMP protocols for use in New Zealand port conditions. These are described in more detail in the body of the report.\n•\tA wide range of sampling techniques was used to collect marine organisms from habitats within the Port of Timaru. Fouling assemblages were scraped from hard substrata by divers, benthic assemblages were sampled using a sled and benthic grabs, and a gravity corer was used to sample for dinoflagellate cysts. Mobile predators and scavengers were sampled using baited fish, crab, starfish and shrimp traps.\n•\tSampling effort was distributed in the Port of Timaru according to priorities identified in the CRIMP protocols, which are designed to maximise the chances of detecting non-indigenous species. Most effort was concentrated on high-risk locations and habitats where non-indigenous species were most likely to be found.\n•\tOrganisms collected during the survey were sent to local and international taxonomic experts for identification.\n•\tA total of 275 species or higher taxa were identified in the first survey of the Port of Timaru in February 2002. They consisted of 172 native species, 15 non-indigenous species, 39 cryptogenic species (those whose geographic origins are uncertain) and 49 species indeterminata (taxa for which there is insufficient taxonomic or systematic information available to allow identification to species level).\n•\tDuring the repeat survey, 230 species or higher taxa were recorded, including 136 native species, 21 non-indigenous species, 33 cryptogenic species and 40 species indeterminata. Many species were common to both surveys. Around 59\\% of the native species, 57\\% of non-indigenous species, and 58\\% of cryptogenic species recorded during the repeat survey were also found in the earlier survey.\n•\tThe 21 non-indigenous organisms found in the repeat survey of the Port of Timaru included representatives of 6 major taxonomic groups. The non-indigenous species detected were: Euchone limnicola, Spirobranchus polytrema, Polydora hoplura (Annelida); Bugula flabellata, B. neritina, Cryptosula pallasiana, Celleporaria nodulosa, Watersipora subtorquata (Bryozoa); Monotheca pulchella, Amphisbetia maplestonei?, Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus, Synthecium subventricosum (Cnidaria); Caprella mutica, Apocorophium acutum, Monocorophium acherusicum, Jassa marmorata, J. slatteryi, J. staudei (Crustacea); Griffithsia crassiuscula, Undaria pinnatifida (Macroalgae); Ciona intestinalis (Urochordata). Nine of these species – Spirobranchus polytrema, Polydora hoplura (Annelida); Celleporaria nodulosa (Bryozoa); Monotheca pulchella, Amphisbetia maplestonei?, Symplectoscyphus subdichotomus, Synthecium subventricosum (Cnidaria); Jassa marmorata, J. staudei (Malacostraca) – were not recorded in the earlier baseline survey of the Port of Timaru. In addition, 3 non-indigenous species that were present in the first survey – Barantolla lepte (Annelida), Cancer gibbosulus (Crustacea) and Polysiphonia sublitissima (Macroalgae) – were not found during the repeat survey.\n•\t17 species recorded in the repeat survey had not been described from New Zealand waters prior to the baseline surveys. Five of these were non-indigenous species (a polychaete worm, Spirobranchus polytrema, a bryozoan, Celleporaria nodulosa, a hydroid, Amphisbetis maplestonei, and two amphipods, Caprella mutica and Jassa staudei). The remaining 12 species do not correspond with existing species descriptions from New Zealand or overseas and may be new to science.\n•\tThe only species from the Port of Timaru on the New Zealand register of unwanted organisms is the Asian kelp, Undaria pinnatifida. This alga is known to now have a wide distribution in southern and eastern New Zealand.\n•\tMost non-indigenous species located in the Port are likely to have been introduced to New Zealand accidentally by international shipping or spread from other locations in New Zealand (including translocation by shipping).\n•\tApproximately 86 \\% (18 of 21 species) of NIS in the Port of Timaru are likely to have been introduced in hull fouling assemblages, and 14 \\% (3 species) could have been introduced by either ballast water or hull fouling vectors.\n•\tThe predominance of hull fouling species in the introduced biota of the Port of Timaru (as opposed to ballast water introductions) is consistent with findings from similar port baseline studies overseas.},\n\tinstitution = {NIWA},\n\tauthor = {Inglis, G. J. and Gust, N. and Fitridge, I. and Floerl, O. and Woods, C. and Kospartov, M. and Hayden, B. J. and Fenwick, G. D.},\n\tmonth = may,\n\tyear = {2008},\n\tkeywords = {Biosecurity, Cryptogenic, Introduced taxa, MAF, Marine species, NIS, New Zealand, Non-indigenous marine species, Port surveys, Timaru, biological invasions},\n\tpages = {150 pp.},\n}\n\n","author_short":["Inglis, G. J.","Gust, N.","Fitridge, I.","Floerl, O.","Woods, C.","Kospartov, M.","Hayden, B. J.","Fenwick, G. D."],"key":"inglis_port_2008-1","id":"inglis_port_2008-1","bibbaseid":"inglis-gust-fitridge-floerl-woods-kospartov-hayden-fenwick-portoftimarusecondbaselinesurveyfornonindenousmarinespecies-2008","role":"author","urls":{"Paper":"https://niwa.co.nz/static/marine-biosecurity/Inglis%20et%20al%202008%20port%20of%20timaru.pdf"},"keyword":["Biosecurity","Cryptogenic","Introduced taxa","MAF","Marine species","NIS","New Zealand","Non-indigenous marine species","Port surveys","Timaru","biological invasions"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}}},"bibtype":"techreport","biburl":"https://api.zotero.org/groups/1780128/items?key=mkYJdVcVZD5yyS6bAqdHVlVs&format=bibtex&limit=100","dataSources":["DzoRvg3v4wt7w44ED"],"keywords":["biosecurity","cryptogenic","introduced taxa","maf","marine species","nis","new zealand","non-indigenous marine species","port surveys","timaru","biological invasions"],"search_terms":["port","timaru","second","baseline","survey","non","indenous","marine","species","inglis","gust","fitridge","floerl","woods","kospartov","hayden","fenwick"],"title":"Port of Timaru: Second baseline survey for non-indenous marine species","year":2008}