Westhaven Marina: First baseline survey for non-indigenous marine species. Inglis, G. J., Schimanski, K., van den Brink, A., Kospartov, M., Neil, K., Peacock, L., Fitridge, I., Cox, S. L., Read, G., Ahyong, S. T., Page, M., Burnett, J., D'Archino, R., & Gordon, D. Technical Report NIWA, Christchurch, June, 2010.
Westhaven Marina: First baseline survey for non-indigenous marine species [link]Paper  abstract   bibtex   
Executive summary • This report describes the results of a baseline survey of the Westhaven Marina undertaken in March 2006. The survey provides an inventory of native, non indigenous and cryptogenic marine species within the marina. • The survey is part of a nationwide investigation of native and non-native marine biodiversity in 25 international shipping ports and five marinas of first entry for yachts entering New Zealand from overseas. • Sampling methods used in the survey were based on protocols developed by the Australian Centre for Research on Introduced Marine Pests (CRIMP) for baseline surveys of non-indigenous species (NIS) in ports. Modifications were made to the CRIMP protocols for use in New Zealand port conditions. These are described in more detail in the body of the report. • A wide range of sampling techniques were used to collect marine organisms from habitats within Westhaven Marina. Fouling assemblages were scraped from hard substrata by divers, benthic assemblages were sampled using a sled and benthic grabs, and a gravity corer was used to sample for dinoflagellate cysts. Mobile predators and scavengers were sampled using baited fish, crab, seastar and shrimp traps. • Sampling effort was distributed in Westhaven Marina according to priorities identified in the CRIMP protocols, which are designed to maximise the chances of detecting non-indigenous species. Most effort was concentrated on high-risk locations and habitats where non-indigenous species were most likely to be found. • Organisms collected during the survey were sent to local and international taxonomic experts for identification. • During the survey, 203 species or higher taxa were recorded, including 109 native species, 27 non-indigenous species, 20 cryptogenic taxa and 47 indeterminate taxa. • The 27 non-indigenous species found in the survey of Westhaven Marina included representatives of 16 phyla. The non-indigenous species detected were: (Annelida) Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata; Hydroides ezoensis, Hydroides elegans, Polydora hoplura, Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata and Paralepidonotus ampulliferus (Arthropoda) Apocorophium acutum, Charybdis japonica and Amphibalanus amphitrite; (Bryozoa) Bugula flabellata, B. neritina, B. stolonifera, Bowerbankia gracilis, Schizoporella errata, Watersipora subtorquata, Tricellaria catalinensis, and Zoobotryon verticillatum, (Chordata) Ascidiella aspersa, Diplosoma listerianum, Botryllus tuberatus and Styela clava (Cnidaria) Pennaria disticha, (Mollusca) Musculista senhousia, Crassostrea gigas, Theora lubrica; (Ochrophyta) Undaria pinnatifida, and (Porifera) Vosmaeropsis cf. macera and Amphilectus fucorum. • No species recorded in the survey were new records for New Zealand waters. • Two species recorded during the survey of Westhaven Marina – the Asian kelp Undaria pinnatifida and the clubbed ascidian Styela clava - were on the New Zealand Register of Unwanted Organisms. • Most non-indigenous species located in the Marina are likely to have been introduced to New Zealand accidentally by international shipping or spread from other locations in New Zealand (including translocation by shipping). • Approximately 56 % (15 of 27 species) of NIS recorded in the Westhaven baseline surveys are likely to have been introduced in biofouling assemblages on vessels, 4 % (one species) via ballast water, 33 % (9 species) could have been introduced by either ballast water or biofouling vectors and the method of introduction for 7 % (two species) is currently unknown. • The predominance of species likely to have been introduced as biofouling in the introduced biota of the Westhaven baseline (as opposed to ballast water introductions) is consistent with findings from similar port baseline studies overseas and in New Zealand.
@techreport{inglis_westhaven_2010,
	address = {Christchurch},
	type = {{NIWA} {Client} {Report}},
	title = {Westhaven {Marina}: {First} baseline survey for non-indigenous marine species},
	url = {https://www.mpi.govt.nz/dmsdocument/32845-westhaven-marina-first-baseline-survey-for-non-indigenous-marine-species-research-project-zbs200518},
	abstract = {\textit{Executive summary}

•	This report describes the results of a baseline survey of the Westhaven Marina undertaken in March 2006. The survey provides an inventory of native, non indigenous and cryptogenic marine species within the marina. 

•	The survey is part of a nationwide investigation of native and non-native marine biodiversity in 25 international shipping ports and five marinas of first entry for yachts entering New Zealand from overseas. 

•	Sampling methods used in the survey were based on protocols developed by the Australian Centre for Research on Introduced Marine Pests (CRIMP) for baseline surveys of non-indigenous species (NIS) in ports. Modifications were made to the CRIMP protocols for use in New Zealand port conditions. These are described in more detail in the body of the report.

•	A wide range of sampling techniques were used to collect marine organisms from habitats within Westhaven Marina. Fouling assemblages were scraped from hard substrata by divers, benthic assemblages were sampled using a sled and benthic grabs, and a gravity corer was used to sample for dinoflagellate cysts. Mobile predators and scavengers were sampled using baited fish, crab, seastar and shrimp traps.

•	Sampling effort was distributed in Westhaven Marina according to priorities identified in the CRIMP protocols, which are designed to maximise the chances of detecting non-indigenous species. Most effort was concentrated on high-risk locations and habitats where non-indigenous species were most likely to be found. 

•	Organisms collected during the survey were sent to local and international taxonomic experts for identification.

•	During the survey, 203 species or higher taxa were recorded, including 109 native species, 27 non-indigenous species, 20 cryptogenic taxa and 47 indeterminate taxa. 

•	The 27 non-indigenous species found in the survey of Westhaven Marina included representatives of 16 phyla. The non-indigenous species detected were: (Annelida) Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata; Hydroides ezoensis, Hydroides elegans, Polydora hoplura, Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata and Paralepidonotus ampulliferus (Arthropoda) Apocorophium acutum, Charybdis japonica and Amphibalanus amphitrite; (Bryozoa) Bugula flabellata, B. neritina, B. stolonifera, Bowerbankia gracilis, Schizoporella errata, Watersipora subtorquata, Tricellaria catalinensis, and Zoobotryon verticillatum, (Chordata) Ascidiella aspersa, Diplosoma listerianum, Botryllus tuberatus and Styela clava (Cnidaria) Pennaria disticha, (Mollusca) Musculista senhousia, Crassostrea gigas, Theora lubrica; (Ochrophyta) Undaria pinnatifida, and (Porifera) Vosmaeropsis cf. macera and Amphilectus fucorum.

•	No species recorded in the survey were new records for New Zealand waters.  

•	Two species recorded during the survey of Westhaven Marina – the Asian kelp Undaria pinnatifida and the clubbed ascidian Styela clava - were on the New Zealand Register of Unwanted Organisms.   

•	Most non-indigenous species located in the Marina are likely to have been introduced to New Zealand accidentally by international shipping or spread from other locations in New Zealand (including translocation by shipping).

•	Approximately 56 \% (15 of 27 species) of NIS recorded in the Westhaven baseline surveys are likely to have been introduced in biofouling assemblages on vessels, 4 \% (one species) via ballast water, 33 \% (9 species) could have been introduced by either ballast water or biofouling vectors and the method of introduction for 7 \% (two species) is currently unknown.

•	The predominance of species likely to have been introduced as biofouling in the introduced biota of the Westhaven baseline (as opposed to ballast water introductions) is consistent with findings from similar port baseline studies overseas and in New Zealand.},
	institution = {NIWA},
	author = {Inglis, G. J. and Schimanski, Kate and van den Brink, Anneke and Kospartov, Marie and Neil, Kerry and Peacock, Lisa and Fitridge, I. and Cox, Serena L. and Read, Geoffrey and Ahyong, Shane T. and Page, Mike and Burnett, Jill and D'Archino, Roberta and Gordon, Dennis},
	month = jun,
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {Auckland, Biosecurity, Cryptogenic, Introduced taxa, MAF, Marine species, NIS, New Zealand, Non-indigenous marine species, Port surveys, Westhaven Marina, biological invasions},
	pages = {161 pp.},
}
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