Viaduct Harbour Marina: First baseline survey for non-indigenous marine species. Inglis, G. J., van den Brink, A., Schimanski, K., Kospartov, M., Gust, N., Peacock, L., Ahyong, S. T., Burnett, J., Read, G., Gordon, D., Page, M., Kelly, M., & Cox, S. L. Technical Report NIWA, Christchurch, June, 2010.
Viaduct Harbour Marina: First baseline survey for non-indigenous marine species [link]Paper  abstract   bibtex   
Executive summary • This report describes the results of a port baseline survey of the Viaduct Harbour Marina undertaken in March-April 2006. The survey provides an initial inventory of native, non indigenous and cryptogenic marine species within the marina. • The survey is part of a nationwide investigation of native and non-native marine biodiversity in 25 international shipping ports and five marinas of first entry for yachts entering New Zealand from overseas. • Sampling methods used in the survey were based on protocols developed by the Australian Centre for Research on Introduced Marine Pests (CRIMP) for baseline surveys of non-indigenous species (NIS) in ports. Modifications were made to the CRIMP protocols for use in New Zealand port conditions. These are described in more detail in the body of the report. • A wide range of sampling techniques was used to collect marine organisms from habitats within the Viaduct Harbour Marina. Fouling assemblages were scraped from hard substrata by divers, benthic assemblages were sampled using a sled and benthic grabs, and a gravity corer was used to sample for dinoflagellate cysts. Mobile predators and scavengers were sampled using baited fish, crab, seastar and shrimp traps. • Sampling effort was distributed in the Viaduct Harbour Marina according to priorities identified in the CRIMP protocols, which are designed to maximise the chances of detecting non-indigenous species. Most effort was concentrated on high-risk locations and habitats where non-indigenous species were most likely to be found. • Organisms collected during the survey were sent to local and international taxonomic experts for identification. • During the survey, 151 species or higher taxa were recorded, including 86 native species, 19 non-indigenous species, 16 cryptogenic taxa and 30 indeterminate taxa. • The 19 non-indigenous species found in the repeat survey of the Viaduct Harbour Marina included representatives of 14 phyla. The non-indigenous species detected were: (Annelida) Hydroides elegans, Polydora hoplura, Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata Paralepidonotus ampulliferus, (Bryozoa) Bugula stolonifera, Schizoporella errata, Watersipora arcuata, Tricellaria catalinensis, Bowerbankia gracilis, Zoobotryon verticillatum Buskia socialis, (Chordata) Ascidiella aspersa, Diplosoma listerianum, Botryllus tuberatus Styela clava (Cnidaria) Pennaria disticha, (Mollusca) Limaria orientalis, Theora lubrica and (Ochrophyta) Undaria pinnatifida. • One species recorded in the survey, the cryptogenic category 1 shrimp Lysmata vittata, was a new record for New Zealand waters. • Two species recorded during the survey of the Viaduct Harbour Marina – the clubbed tunicate, Styela clava and the Asian kelp Undaria pinnatifida - are on the New Zealand Register of Unwanted Organisms. • Most non-indigenous species located in the Marina are likely to have been introduced to New Zealand accidentally by international shipping or spread from other locations in New Zealand (including translocation by shipping). • Approximately 53 % (10 of 19 species) of NIS recorded in the Viaduct Harbour Marina baseline survey are likely to have been introduced in hull fouling assemblages, 5 % (1 species) via ballast water and 42 % (8 species) could have been introduced by either ballast water or hull fouling vectors. • The predominance of hull fouling species in the introduced biota of Viaduct Harbour Marina (as opposed to ballast water introductions) is consistent with findings from similar port baseline studies overseas and in New Zealand.
@techreport{inglis_viaduct_2010,
	address = {Christchurch},
	type = {{NIWA} {Client} {Report}},
	title = {Viaduct {Harbour} {Marina}: {First} baseline survey for non-indigenous marine species},
	url = {https://www.mpi.govt.nz/dmsdocument/32842-viaduct-harbour-marina-first-baseline-survey-for-non-indigenous-marine-species-research-project-zbs200518},
	abstract = {\textit{Executive summary}

•	This report describes the results of a port baseline survey of the Viaduct Harbour Marina undertaken in March-April 2006. The survey provides an initial inventory of native, non indigenous and cryptogenic marine species within the marina. 

•	The survey is part of a nationwide investigation of native and non-native marine biodiversity in 25 international shipping ports and five marinas of first entry for yachts entering New Zealand from overseas. 

•	Sampling methods used in the survey were based on protocols developed by the Australian Centre for Research on Introduced Marine Pests (CRIMP) for baseline surveys of non-indigenous species (NIS) in ports. Modifications were made to the CRIMP protocols for use in New Zealand port conditions. These are described in more detail in the body of the report.

•	A wide range of sampling techniques was used to collect marine organisms from habitats within the Viaduct Harbour Marina. Fouling assemblages were scraped from hard substrata by divers, benthic assemblages were sampled using a sled and benthic grabs, and a gravity corer was used to sample for dinoflagellate cysts. Mobile predators and scavengers were sampled using baited fish, crab, seastar and shrimp traps.

•	Sampling effort was distributed in the Viaduct Harbour Marina according to priorities identified in the CRIMP protocols, which are designed to maximise the chances of detecting non-indigenous species. Most effort was concentrated on high-risk locations and habitats where non-indigenous species were most likely to be found. 

•	Organisms collected during the survey were sent to local and international taxonomic experts for identification.

•	During the survey, 151 species or higher taxa were recorded, including 86 native species, 19 non-indigenous species, 16 cryptogenic taxa and 30 indeterminate taxa. 

•	The 19 non-indigenous species found in the repeat survey of the Viaduct Harbour Marina included representatives of 14 phyla. The non-indigenous species detected were: (Annelida) Hydroides elegans, Polydora hoplura, Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata Paralepidonotus ampulliferus, (Bryozoa) Bugula stolonifera, Schizoporella errata, Watersipora arcuata, Tricellaria catalinensis, Bowerbankia gracilis, Zoobotryon verticillatum Buskia socialis, (Chordata) Ascidiella aspersa, Diplosoma listerianum, Botryllus tuberatus Styela clava (Cnidaria) Pennaria disticha, (Mollusca) Limaria orientalis, Theora lubrica and (Ochrophyta) Undaria pinnatifida.

•	One species recorded in the survey, the cryptogenic category 1 shrimp Lysmata vittata, was a new record for New Zealand waters.  

•	Two species recorded during the survey of the Viaduct Harbour Marina – the clubbed tunicate, Styela clava and the Asian kelp Undaria pinnatifida - are on the New Zealand Register of Unwanted Organisms.   

•	Most non-indigenous species located in the Marina are likely to have been introduced to New Zealand accidentally by international shipping or spread from other locations in New Zealand (including translocation by shipping).

•	Approximately 53 \% (10 of 19 species) of NIS recorded in the Viaduct Harbour Marina baseline survey are likely to have been introduced in hull fouling assemblages, 5 \% (1 species) via ballast water and 42 \% (8 species) could have been introduced by either ballast water or hull fouling vectors.

•	The predominance of hull fouling species in the introduced biota of Viaduct Harbour Marina (as opposed to ballast water introductions) is consistent with findings from similar port baseline studies overseas and in New Zealand.},
	institution = {NIWA},
	author = {Inglis, G. J. and van den Brink, Anneke and Schimanski, Kate and Kospartov, Marie and Gust, N. and Peacock, Lisa and Ahyong, Shane T. and Burnett, Jill and Read, Geoffrey and Gordon, Dennis and Page, Mike and Kelly, Michelle and Cox, Serena L.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {Auckland, Biosecurity, Cryptogenic, Introduced taxa, MAF, Marine species, NIS, New Zealand, Non-indigenous marine species, Port surveys, Viaduct Harbour, biological invasions},
	pages = {149 pp.},
}
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