@Article{Isoda2007,
  author   = {Masaki Isoda and Okihide Hikosaka},
  journal  = {Nat Neurosci},
  title    = {Switching from automatic to controlled action by monkey medial frontal cortex.},
  year     = {2007},
  number   = {2},
  pages    = {240-8},
  volume   = {10},
  abstract = {Human behavior is mostly composed of habitual actions that require
	little conscious control. Such actions may become invalid if the
	environment changes, at which point individuals need to switch behavior
	by overcoming habitual actions that are otherwise triggered automatically.
	It is unknown how the brain controls this type of behavioral switching.
	Here we show that the presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA) in the
	medial frontal cortex has a function in switching from automatic
	to volitionally controlled action in rhesus macaque monkeys. We found
	that a group of pre-SMA neurons was selectively activated when subjects
	successfully switched to a controlled alternative action. Electrical
	stimulation in the pre-SMA replaced automatic incorrect responses
	with slower correct responses. A further test suggested that the
	pre-SMA enabled switching by first suppressing an automatic unwanted
	action and then boosting a controlled desired action. Our data suggest
	that the pre-SMA resolves response conflict so that the desired action
	can be selected.},
  doi      = {10.1038/nn1830},
  keywords = {17237780},
}

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