Saliency-based guidance of spontaneous saccades in monkeys with unilateral lesion of primary visual cortex

Saliency-based guidance of spontaneous saccades in monkeys with unilateral lesion of primary visual cortex. Itti, L., Yoshida, M., Berg, D. J., Ikeda, T., Kato, R., Takaura, K., & Isa, T. In Proc. Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting (SFN'07), Nov, 2007.
abstract bibtex

Primary visual cortex (area V1) is the entry point of visual processing into the primate cortex. Yet, human and animal studies of V1 lesions have demonstrated a 'blindsight' phenomenon, whereby residual visually-guided behavior remains even when large portions of V1 are absent. However, little is known quantitatively of how this residual vision (possibly subcortically-mediated) differs from normal (cortically-mediated) vision. We analyzed eye movements (89,285 saccades) of five macaque monkeys (two normals, three with complete unilateral V1 ablation) watching ~54 minutes of television (97,051 video frames). A computational model of bottom-up attention quantified how salient visual features may guide gaze into the normal vs. the lesioned hemifield. To eliminate stimulus biases, we randomly presented all video clips twice, original and horizontally flipped. We quantified the extent to which salient stimuli attracted gaze of each monkey by computing, for saccades tallied along the eight principal directions, a model-based bottom-up guidance score (chance level 0.5; ideal upper bound 1.0; practical inter-observer score previously measured as the extent to which three control monkeys predict gaze of a fourth monkey ~0.6). For the normals as well as lesioned monkeys, we found that saccades in all eight principal directions were guided towards salient locations, significantly above chance (scores 0.585+/-0.003 to 0.649+/-0.004, t-tests p<0.00001, 2,021 to 6,039 saccades per monkey in each direction). However, although lesioned monkeys overall scored lower, there was little difference in bottom-up guidance with saccade direction (scores 2% - 4% lower for saccades directed into vs. away from the lesioned hemifield). Our results suggest that the extent to which monkey saccades are attracted towards salient locations during natural vision may be less affected by the absence of primary visual cortex than previously considered.

@inproceedings{ Itti_etal07sfn,
  author = {L. Itti and M. Yoshida and D. J. Berg and T. Ikeda and R. Kato
and K. Takaura and T. Isa},
  title = {Saliency-based guidance of spontaneous saccades in monkeys
                  with unilateral lesion of primary visual cortex},
  abstract = {Primary visual cortex (area V1) is the entry point of visual
                  processing into the primate cortex. Yet, human and
                  animal studies of V1 lesions have demonstrated a
                  'blindsight' phenomenon, whereby residual
                  visually-guided behavior remains even when large
                  portions of V1 are absent. However, little is known
                  quantitatively of how this residual vision (possibly
                  subcortically-mediated) differs from normal
                  (cortically-mediated) vision. We analyzed eye
                  movements (89,285 saccades) of five macaque monkeys
                  (two normals, three with complete unilateral V1
                  ablation) watching ~54 minutes of television (97,051
                  video frames). A computational model of bottom-up
                  attention quantified how salient visual features may
                  guide gaze into the normal vs. the lesioned
                  hemifield. To eliminate stimulus biases, we randomly
                  presented all video clips twice, original and
                  horizontally flipped. We quantified the extent to
                  which salient stimuli attracted gaze of each monkey
                  by computing, for saccades tallied along the eight
                  principal directions, a model-based bottom-up
                  guidance score (chance level 0.5; ideal upper bound
                  1.0; practical inter-observer score previously
                  measured as the extent to which three control
                  monkeys predict gaze of a fourth monkey ~0.6). For
                  the normals as well as lesioned monkeys, we found
                  that saccades in all eight principal directions were
                  guided towards salient locations, significantly
                  above chance (scores 0.585+/-0.003 to 0.649+/-0.004,
                  t-tests p<0.00001, 2,021 to 6,039 saccades per
                  monkey in each direction). However, although
                  lesioned monkeys overall scored lower, there was
                  little difference in bottom-up guidance with saccade
                  direction (scores 2% - 4% lower for saccades
                  directed into vs. away from the lesioned
                  hemifield). Our results suggest that the extent to
                  which monkey saccades are attracted towards salient
                  locations during natural vision may be less affected
                  by the absence of primary visual cortex than
                  previously considered.},
  month = {Nov},
  year = {2007},
  booktitle = {Proc. Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting (SFN'07)},
  type = {mod;psy;bu;eye},
  review = {abs/conf}
}

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{"_id":{"_str":"5298a19f9eb585cc260007dc"},"__v":0,"authorIDs":[],"author_short":["Itti, L.","Yoshida, M.","Berg, D.<nbsp>J.","Ikeda, T.","Kato, R.","Takaura, K.","Isa, T."],"bibbaseid":"itti-yoshida-berg-ikeda-kato-takaura-isa-saliencybasedguidanceofspontaneoussaccadesinmonkeyswithunilaterallesionofprimaryvisualcortex-2007","bibdata":{"html":"<div class=\"bibbase_paper\"> \n\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_titleauthoryear\">\n\t<span class=\"bibbase_paper_title\"><a name=\"Itti_etal07sfn\"> </a>Saliency-based guidance of spontaneous saccades in monkeys with unilateral lesion of primary visual cortex.</span>\n\t<span class=\"bibbase_paper_author\">\nItti, L.; Yoshida, M.; Berg, D. J.; Ikeda, T.; Kato, R.; Takaura, K.; and Isa, T.</span>\n\t\n</span>\n\n\n\nIn\n<i>Proc. Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting (SFN'07)</i>, Nov 2007.\n\n\n\n\n\n<br class=\"bibbase_paper_content\"/>\n\n<span class=\"bibbase_paper_content\">\n \n \n \n <a href=\"javascript:showBib('Itti_etal07sfn')\"\n class=\"bibbase link\">\n \n\t\n\t\n\t\n BibTeX\n <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n \n \n  \n <a class=\"bibbase_abstract_link bibbase link\"\n href=\"javascript:showAbstract('Itti_etal07sfn')\">\n Abstract\n <i class=\"fa fa-caret-down\"></i></a>\n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n</span>\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" id=\"bib_Itti_etal07sfn\"\n style=\"display:none\">\n <pre>@inproceedings{ Itti_etal07sfn,\n author = {L. Itti and M. Yoshida and D. J. Berg and T. Ikeda and R. Kato\nand K. Takaura and T. Isa},\n title = {Saliency-based guidance of spontaneous saccades in monkeys\n with unilateral lesion of primary visual cortex},\n abstract = {Primary visual cortex (area V1) is the entry point of visual\n processing into the primate cortex. Yet, human and\n animal studies of V1 lesions have demonstrated a\n 'blindsight' phenomenon, whereby residual\n visually-guided behavior remains even when large\n portions of V1 are absent. However, little is known\n quantitatively of how this residual vision (possibly\n subcortically-mediated) differs from normal\n (cortically-mediated) vision. We analyzed eye\n movements (89,285 saccades) of five macaque monkeys\n (two normals, three with complete unilateral V1\n ablation) watching ~54 minutes of television (97,051\n video frames). A computational model of bottom-up\n attention quantified how salient visual features may\n guide gaze into the normal vs. the lesioned\n hemifield. To eliminate stimulus biases, we randomly\n presented all video clips twice, original and\n horizontally flipped. We quantified the extent to\n which salient stimuli attracted gaze of each monkey\n by computing, for saccades tallied along the eight\n principal directions, a model-based bottom-up\n guidance score (chance level 0.5; ideal upper bound\n 1.0; practical inter-observer score previously\n measured as the extent to which three control\n monkeys predict gaze of a fourth monkey ~0.6). For\n the normals as well as lesioned monkeys, we found\n that saccades in all eight principal directions were\n guided towards salient locations, significantly\n above chance (scores 0.585+/-0.003 to 0.649+/-0.004,\n t-tests p<0.00001, 2,021 to 6,039 saccades per\n monkey in each direction). However, although\n lesioned monkeys overall scored lower, there was\n little difference in bottom-up guidance with saccade\n direction (scores 2% - 4% lower for saccades\n directed into vs. away from the lesioned\n hemifield). Our results suggest that the extent to\n which monkey saccades are attracted towards salient\n locations during natural vision may be less affected\n by the absence of primary visual cortex than\n previously considered.},\n month = {Nov},\n year = {2007},\n booktitle = {Proc. Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting (SFN'07)},\n type = {mod;psy;bu;eye},\n review = {abs/conf}\n}</pre>\n</div>\n\n\n<div class=\"well well-small bibbase\" id=\"abstract_Itti_etal07sfn\"\n style=\"display:none\">\n Primary visual cortex (area V1) is the entry point of visual processing into the primate cortex. Yet, human and animal studies of V1 lesions have demonstrated a 'blindsight' phenomenon, whereby residual visually-guided behavior remains even when large portions of V1 are absent. However, little is known quantitatively of how this residual vision (possibly subcortically-mediated) differs from normal (cortically-mediated) vision. We analyzed eye movements (89,285 saccades) of five macaque monkeys (two normals, three with complete unilateral V1 ablation) watching ~54 minutes of television (97,051 video frames). A computational model of bottom-up attention quantified how salient visual features may guide gaze into the normal vs. the lesioned hemifield. To eliminate stimulus biases, we randomly presented all video clips twice, original and horizontally flipped. We quantified the extent to which salient stimuli attracted gaze of each monkey by computing, for saccades tallied along the eight principal directions, a model-based bottom-up guidance score (chance level 0.5; ideal upper bound 1.0; practical inter-observer score previously measured as the extent to which three control monkeys predict gaze of a fourth monkey ~0.6). For the normals as well as lesioned monkeys, we found that saccades in all eight principal directions were guided towards salient locations, significantly above chance (scores 0.585+/-0.003 to 0.649+/-0.004, t-tests p<0.00001, 2,021 to 6,039 saccades per monkey in each direction). However, although lesioned monkeys overall scored lower, there was little difference in bottom-up guidance with saccade direction (scores 2% - 4% lower for saccades directed into vs. away from the lesioned hemifield). Our results suggest that the extent to which monkey saccades are attracted towards salient locations during natural vision may be less affected by the absence of primary visual cortex than previously considered.\n</div>\n\n\n</div>\n","downloads":0,"bibbaseid":"itti-yoshida-berg-ikeda-kato-takaura-isa-saliencybasedguidanceofspontaneoussaccadesinmonkeyswithunilaterallesionofprimaryvisualcortex-2007","role":"author","year":"2007","type":"mod;psy;bu;eye","title":"Saliency-based guidance of spontaneous saccades in monkeys with unilateral lesion of primary visual cortex","review":"abs/conf","month":"Nov","key":"Itti_etal07sfn","id":"Itti_etal07sfn","booktitle":"Proc. Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting (SFN'07)","bibtype":"inproceedings","bibtex":"@inproceedings{ Itti_etal07sfn,\n author = {L. Itti and M. Yoshida and D. J. Berg and T. Ikeda and R. Kato\nand K. Takaura and T. Isa},\n title = {Saliency-based guidance of spontaneous saccades in monkeys\n with unilateral lesion of primary visual cortex},\n abstract = {Primary visual cortex (area V1) is the entry point of visual\n processing into the primate cortex. Yet, human and\n animal studies of V1 lesions have demonstrated a\n 'blindsight' phenomenon, whereby residual\n visually-guided behavior remains even when large\n portions of V1 are absent. However, little is known\n quantitatively of how this residual vision (possibly\n subcortically-mediated) differs from normal\n (cortically-mediated) vision. We analyzed eye\n movements (89,285 saccades) of five macaque monkeys\n (two normals, three with complete unilateral V1\n ablation) watching ~54 minutes of television (97,051\n video frames). A computational model of bottom-up\n attention quantified how salient visual features may\n guide gaze into the normal vs. the lesioned\n hemifield. To eliminate stimulus biases, we randomly\n presented all video clips twice, original and\n horizontally flipped. We quantified the extent to\n which salient stimuli attracted gaze of each monkey\n by computing, for saccades tallied along the eight\n principal directions, a model-based bottom-up\n guidance score (chance level 0.5; ideal upper bound\n 1.0; practical inter-observer score previously\n measured as the extent to which three control\n monkeys predict gaze of a fourth monkey ~0.6). For\n the normals as well as lesioned monkeys, we found\n that saccades in all eight principal directions were\n guided towards salient locations, significantly\n above chance (scores 0.585+/-0.003 to 0.649+/-0.004,\n t-tests p<0.00001, 2,021 to 6,039 saccades per\n monkey in each direction). However, although\n lesioned monkeys overall scored lower, there was\n little difference in bottom-up guidance with saccade\n direction (scores 2% - 4% lower for saccades\n directed into vs. away from the lesioned\n hemifield). Our results suggest that the extent to\n which monkey saccades are attracted towards salient\n locations during natural vision may be less affected\n by the absence of primary visual cortex than\n previously considered.},\n month = {Nov},\n year = {2007},\n booktitle = {Proc. Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting (SFN'07)},\n type = {mod;psy;bu;eye},\n review = {abs/conf}\n}","author_short":["Itti, L.","Yoshida, M.","Berg, D.<nbsp>J.","Ikeda, T.","Kato, R.","Takaura, K.","Isa, T."],"author":["Itti, L.","Yoshida, M.","Berg, D. J.","Ikeda, T.","Kato, R.","Takaura, K.","Isa, T."],"abstract":"Primary visual cortex (area V1) is the entry point of visual processing into the primate cortex. Yet, human and animal studies of V1 lesions have demonstrated a 'blindsight' phenomenon, whereby residual visually-guided behavior remains even when large portions of V1 are absent. However, little is known quantitatively of how this residual vision (possibly subcortically-mediated) differs from normal (cortically-mediated) vision. We analyzed eye movements (89,285 saccades) of five macaque monkeys (two normals, three with complete unilateral V1 ablation) watching ~54 minutes of television (97,051 video frames). A computational model of bottom-up attention quantified how salient visual features may guide gaze into the normal vs. the lesioned hemifield. To eliminate stimulus biases, we randomly presented all video clips twice, original and horizontally flipped. We quantified the extent to which salient stimuli attracted gaze of each monkey by computing, for saccades tallied along the eight principal directions, a model-based bottom-up guidance score (chance level 0.5; ideal upper bound 1.0; practical inter-observer score previously measured as the extent to which three control monkeys predict gaze of a fourth monkey ~0.6). For the normals as well as lesioned monkeys, we found that saccades in all eight principal directions were guided towards salient locations, significantly above chance (scores 0.585+/-0.003 to 0.649+/-0.004, t-tests p<0.00001, 2,021 to 6,039 saccades per monkey in each direction). However, although lesioned monkeys overall scored lower, there was little difference in bottom-up guidance with saccade direction (scores 2% - 4% lower for saccades directed into vs. away from the lesioned hemifield). Our results suggest that the extent to which monkey saccades are attracted towards salient locations during natural vision may be less affected by the absence of primary visual cortex than previously considered."},"bibtype":"inproceedings","biburl":"http://ilab.usc.edu/publications/src/ilab.bib","downloads":0,"search_terms":["saliency","based","guidance","spontaneous","saccades","monkeys","unilateral","lesion","primary","visual","cortex","itti","yoshida","berg","ikeda","kato","takaura","isa"],"title":"Saliency-based guidance of spontaneous saccades in monkeys with unilateral lesion of primary visual cortex","year":2007,"dataSources":["wedBDxEpNXNCLZ2sZ"]}