@ARTICLE{Ivic2003-fv,
  title    = "Terpene trilactones from Ginkgo biloba are antagonists of
              cortical glycine and {GABA(A}) receptors",
  author   = "Ivic, Lidija and Sands, Tristan T J and Fishkin, Nathan and
              Nakanishi, Koji and Kriegstein, Arnold R and Str{\o}mgaard,
              Kristian",
  abstract = "Glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid, type A (GABA(A)) receptors
              are members of the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily that
              mediate inhibitory synaptic transmission in the adult central
              nervous system. During development, the activation of these
              receptors leads to membrane depolarization. Ligands for the two
              receptors have important implications both in disease therapy and
              as pharmacological tools. Terpene trilactones (ginkgolides and
              bilobalide) are unique constituents of Ginkgo biloba extracts
              that have various effects on the central nervous system. We have
              investigated the relative potency of these compounds on glycine
              and GABA(A) receptors. We find that most of the ginkgolides are
              selective and potent antagonists of the glycine receptor.
              Bilobalide, the single major component in G. biloba extracts,
              also reduces glycine-induced currents, although to a lesser
              extent. Both ginkgolides and bilobalide inhibit GABA(A)
              receptors, with bilobalide demonstrating a more potent effect.
              Additionally, we provide evidence that open channels are required
              for glycine receptor inhibition by ginkgolides. Finally, we
              employ molecular modeling to elucidate the similarities and
              differences in the structure of the terpene trilactones to
              account for the pharmacological properties of these compounds and
              demonstrate a striking similarity between ginkgolides and
              picrotoxinin, a GABA(A) and recombinant glycine alpha-homomeric
              receptor antagonist.",
  journal  = "J Biol Chem",
  volume   =  278,
  number   =  49,
  pages    = "49279--49285",
  month    =  sep,
  year     =  2003,
  address  = "United States",
  language = "en"
}

{"_id":"KAfATRL89hRvJoizQ","bibbaseid":"ivic-sands-fishkin-nakanishi-kriegstein-strmgaard-terpenetrilactonesfromginkgobilobaareantagonistsofcorticalglycineandgabaareceptors-2003","author_short":["Ivic, L.","Sands, T. T J","Fishkin, N.","Nakanishi, K.","Kriegstein, A. R","Strømgaard, K."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"Terpene trilactones from Ginkgo biloba are antagonists of cortical glycine and GABA(A) receptors","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Ivic"],"firstnames":["Lidija"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Sands"],"firstnames":["Tristan","T","J"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Fishkin"],"firstnames":["Nathan"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Nakanishi"],"firstnames":["Koji"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Kriegstein"],"firstnames":["Arnold","R"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Strømgaard"],"firstnames":["Kristian"],"suffixes":[]}],"abstract":"Glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid, type A (GABA(A)) receptors are members of the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily that mediate inhibitory synaptic transmission in the adult central nervous system. During development, the activation of these receptors leads to membrane depolarization. Ligands for the two receptors have important implications both in disease therapy and as pharmacological tools. Terpene trilactones (ginkgolides and bilobalide) are unique constituents of Ginkgo biloba extracts that have various effects on the central nervous system. We have investigated the relative potency of these compounds on glycine and GABA(A) receptors. We find that most of the ginkgolides are selective and potent antagonists of the glycine receptor. Bilobalide, the single major component in G. biloba extracts, also reduces glycine-induced currents, although to a lesser extent. Both ginkgolides and bilobalide inhibit GABA(A) receptors, with bilobalide demonstrating a more potent effect. Additionally, we provide evidence that open channels are required for glycine receptor inhibition by ginkgolides. Finally, we employ molecular modeling to elucidate the similarities and differences in the structure of the terpene trilactones to account for the pharmacological properties of these compounds and demonstrate a striking similarity between ginkgolides and picrotoxinin, a GABA(A) and recombinant glycine alpha-homomeric receptor antagonist.","journal":"J Biol Chem","volume":"278","number":"49","pages":"49279–49285","month":"September","year":"2003","address":"United States","language":"en","bibtex":"@ARTICLE{Ivic2003-fv,\n title = \"Terpene trilactones from Ginkgo biloba are antagonists of\n cortical glycine and {GABA(A}) receptors\",\n author = \"Ivic, Lidija and Sands, Tristan T J and Fishkin, Nathan and\n Nakanishi, Koji and Kriegstein, Arnold R and Str{\\o}mgaard,\n Kristian\",\n abstract = \"Glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid, type A (GABA(A)) receptors\n are members of the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily that\n mediate inhibitory synaptic transmission in the adult central\n nervous system. During development, the activation of these\n receptors leads to membrane depolarization. Ligands for the two\n receptors have important implications both in disease therapy and\n as pharmacological tools. Terpene trilactones (ginkgolides and\n bilobalide) are unique constituents of Ginkgo biloba extracts\n that have various effects on the central nervous system. We have\n investigated the relative potency of these compounds on glycine\n and GABA(A) receptors. We find that most of the ginkgolides are\n selective and potent antagonists of the glycine receptor.\n Bilobalide, the single major component in G. biloba extracts,\n also reduces glycine-induced currents, although to a lesser\n extent. Both ginkgolides and bilobalide inhibit GABA(A)\n receptors, with bilobalide demonstrating a more potent effect.\n Additionally, we provide evidence that open channels are required\n for glycine receptor inhibition by ginkgolides. Finally, we\n employ molecular modeling to elucidate the similarities and\n differences in the structure of the terpene trilactones to\n account for the pharmacological properties of these compounds and\n demonstrate a striking similarity between ginkgolides and\n picrotoxinin, a GABA(A) and recombinant glycine alpha-homomeric\n receptor antagonist.\",\n journal = \"J Biol Chem\",\n volume = 278,\n number = 49,\n pages = \"49279--49285\",\n month = sep,\n year = 2003,\n address = \"United States\",\n language = \"en\"\n}\n\n","author_short":["Ivic, L.","Sands, T. T J","Fishkin, N.","Nakanishi, K.","Kriegstein, A. R","Strømgaard, K."],"key":"Ivic2003-fv","id":"Ivic2003-fv","bibbaseid":"ivic-sands-fishkin-nakanishi-kriegstein-strmgaard-terpenetrilactonesfromginkgobilobaareantagonistsofcorticalglycineandgabaareceptors-2003","role":"author","urls":{},"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}}},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://bibbase.org/f/EJMp3HRuxirjxpcXh/references.bib","dataSources":["sAFYeB74DpbdXM9NN","4zx9n2tbeLTix3Wxr","k3cdWrThyTh5o59Rm","hq9pebjzmsTuyxGGx","h8Atv2SAy4PmShg5j"],"keywords":[],"search_terms":["terpene","trilactones","ginkgo","biloba","antagonists","cortical","glycine","gaba","receptors","ivic","sands","fishkin","nakanishi","kriegstein","strømgaard"],"title":"Terpene trilactones from Ginkgo biloba are antagonists of cortical glycine and GABA(A) receptors","year":2003}