@article{ jalali_givers_2011,
  title = {Givers and takers: {Parties}, state resources and civil society in {Portugal}},
  volume = {18},
  issn = {1354-0688},
  doi = {10.1177/1354068811422643},
  abstract = {Abstract This article assesses the relationship between parties and civil society in Portugal between 1999 and 2009, examining the mediating role of parties in patterns of state funding to civil society organizations. We find evidence of a relationship between parties and organized civil society – albeit an instrumental one, largely based on reward-motivated linkages. The analysis of state grants indicates that parties act as brokers between the state and civil society groups, instrumentally using patronage resources. Three distinct dimensions of party influence on funding emerge. The first pertains to party organization: our evidence is consistent with the use of state funding to shore up party organizations and compensate for weak social roots. Second, electoral gains: funding is particularly visible around election periods, with legislative elections significantly more relevant than others. Third, the potential role of ideology: the ideological position of governing parties is also a significant predictor of civil society funding.},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Party Politics},
  author = {Jalali, Carlos and Silva, Patricia and Silva, Sandra},
  year = {2011},
  note = {812},
  keywords = {Portugal, parties between the state and the civil society},
  pages = {61--80}
}

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