@article{RN237,
   author = {Jansen, J. F. and Vlooswijk, M. C. and Reijs, R. P. and Majoie, H. J. and Hofman, P. and Aldenkamp, A. P. and Backes, W. H.},
   title = {Multimodal MRI Reveals Secondarily Generalized Seizure Related Abnormalities at 1.5 T: Preliminary Findings},
   journal = {JMED Research},
   volume = {2015},
   pages = {397761},
   abstract = {Patients with chronic epilepsy, who have suffered a high number of secondarily generalized tonicclonic seizures (SGTCS) frequently show cognitive comorbidity. It is yet unclear whether a higher
number of SGTCS is associated with tissue changes in the brain. We have investigated in patients with chronic epilepsy whether a high number of SGTCS accumulated over life is associated with
microstructural changes in brain tissue. Sixteen patients with localization-related epilepsy with SGTCS underwent a multimodal quantitative Magnetic Resonance (MR) examination at 1.5 T,
comprising T2 relaxometry, and diffusion weighted imaging to study microstructural changes in the temporal and frontal lobes. Fourteen healthy volunteers were also included to assess the
effect of age. Patients with more than 20 SGTCS (n=8) showed a significantly lower IQ (-20%, p<0.05) compared to those with less than 20 SGTCS (n=8). Furthermore, regional combined
multimodal analysis revealed that significant quantitative MRI changes, related to the number of SGTCS, were present in the frontal lobe but not in the temporal lobe. Moreover, the left and right
frontal lobe generally displayed lower T2 relaxation times, smaller pericortical cerebrospinal fluid fraction and lower apparent diffusion coefficients, in the patients with more than 20 SGTCS.
These findings suggest that SGTCS are associated with substantial changes in microstructural brain tissue characteristics within the frontal lobes. These frontal changes possibly explain the
cognitive problems which are often observed in patients with many SGTCS. This knowledge may help in the development of treatment aimed at preventing decline in cognitive abilities.},
   keywords = {Epilepsy
Secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures
Quantitative MRI
Cognitive decline},
   ISSN = {2333-2395},
   DOI = {10.5171/2015.397761},
   url = {https://ibimapublishing.com/articles/JMED/2015/397761/},
   year = {2015},
   type = {Journal Article}
}

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H."],"year":2015,"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jansenjfa1/bibbase.github.io/master/jansenjfa.bib","bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"Journal Article","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Jansen"],"firstnames":["J.","F."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Vlooswijk"],"firstnames":["M.","C."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Reijs"],"firstnames":["R.","P."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Majoie"],"firstnames":["H.","J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Hofman"],"firstnames":["P."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Aldenkamp"],"firstnames":["A.","P."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Backes"],"firstnames":["W.","H."],"suffixes":[]}],"title":"Multimodal MRI Reveals Secondarily Generalized Seizure Related Abnormalities at 1.5 T: Preliminary Findings","journal":"JMED Research","volume":"2015","pages":"397761","abstract":"Patients with chronic epilepsy, who have suffered a high number of secondarily generalized tonicclonic seizures (SGTCS) frequently show cognitive comorbidity. It is yet unclear whether a higher number of SGTCS is associated with tissue changes in the brain. We have investigated in patients with chronic epilepsy whether a high number of SGTCS accumulated over life is associated with microstructural changes in brain tissue. Sixteen patients with localization-related epilepsy with SGTCS underwent a multimodal quantitative Magnetic Resonance (MR) examination at 1.5 T, comprising T2 relaxometry, and diffusion weighted imaging to study microstructural changes in the temporal and frontal lobes. Fourteen healthy volunteers were also included to assess the effect of age. Patients with more than 20 SGTCS (n=8) showed a significantly lower IQ (-20%, p<0.05) compared to those with less than 20 SGTCS (n=8). Furthermore, regional combined multimodal analysis revealed that significant quantitative MRI changes, related to the number of SGTCS, were present in the frontal lobe but not in the temporal lobe. Moreover, the left and right frontal lobe generally displayed lower T2 relaxation times, smaller pericortical cerebrospinal fluid fraction and lower apparent diffusion coefficients, in the patients with more than 20 SGTCS. These findings suggest that SGTCS are associated with substantial changes in microstructural brain tissue characteristics within the frontal lobes. These frontal changes possibly explain the cognitive problems which are often observed in patients with many SGTCS. This knowledge may help in the development of treatment aimed at preventing decline in cognitive abilities.","keywords":"Epilepsy Secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures Quantitative MRI Cognitive decline","issn":"2333-2395","doi":"10.5171/2015.397761","url":"https://ibimapublishing.com/articles/JMED/2015/397761/","year":"2015","bibtex":"@article{RN237,\n author = {Jansen, J. F. and Vlooswijk, M. C. and Reijs, R. P. and Majoie, H. J. and Hofman, P. and Aldenkamp, A. P. and Backes, W. H.},\n title = {Multimodal MRI Reveals Secondarily Generalized Seizure Related Abnormalities at 1.5 T: Preliminary Findings},\n journal = {JMED Research},\n volume = {2015},\n pages = {397761},\n abstract = {Patients with chronic epilepsy, who have suffered a high number of secondarily generalized tonicclonic seizures (SGTCS) frequently show cognitive comorbidity. It is yet unclear whether a higher\nnumber of SGTCS is associated with tissue changes in the brain. We have investigated in patients with chronic epilepsy whether a high number of SGTCS accumulated over life is associated with\nmicrostructural changes in brain tissue. Sixteen patients with localization-related epilepsy with SGTCS underwent a multimodal quantitative Magnetic Resonance (MR) examination at 1.5 T,\ncomprising T2 relaxometry, and diffusion weighted imaging to study microstructural changes in the temporal and frontal lobes. Fourteen healthy volunteers were also included to assess the\neffect of age. Patients with more than 20 SGTCS (n=8) showed a significantly lower IQ (-20%, p<0.05) compared to those with less than 20 SGTCS (n=8). Furthermore, regional combined\nmultimodal analysis revealed that significant quantitative MRI changes, related to the number of SGTCS, were present in the frontal lobe but not in the temporal lobe. Moreover, the left and right\nfrontal lobe generally displayed lower T2 relaxation times, smaller pericortical cerebrospinal fluid fraction and lower apparent diffusion coefficients, in the patients with more than 20 SGTCS.\nThese findings suggest that SGTCS are associated with substantial changes in microstructural brain tissue characteristics within the frontal lobes. These frontal changes possibly explain the\ncognitive problems which are often observed in patients with many SGTCS. This knowledge may help in the development of treatment aimed at preventing decline in cognitive abilities.},\n keywords = {Epilepsy\nSecondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures\nQuantitative MRI\nCognitive decline},\n ISSN = {2333-2395},\n DOI = {10.5171/2015.397761},\n url = {https://ibimapublishing.com/articles/JMED/2015/397761/},\n year = {2015},\n type = {Journal Article}\n}\n\n","author_short":["Jansen, J. F.","Vlooswijk, M. C.","Reijs, R. P.","Majoie, H. J.","Hofman, P.","Aldenkamp, A. P.","Backes, W. 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