Exploring structural learning in handwriting. Johnson, R., L., Culmer, P., R., Burke, M., R., Mon-Williams, M., & Wilkie, R., M. Experimental brain research, 207(3-4):291-5, 12, 2010.
Website abstract bibtex Structural learning suggests that the human nervous system learns general rules that can be applied when controlling actions involving similar structures (e.g. using a variety of bicycles when learning to ride). These general rules can then facilitate skill acquisition in novel but related situations (e.g. a new bicycle). We tested this concept by investigating whether learned asymmetries in handwriting (greater ease in moving the hand rightwards and downwards within Western-educated populations) are present in the non-preferred hand as predicted by structural learning. We found these asymmetries in both hands of a right-handed population when tracing abstract shapes. We then ruled out biomechanical explanations by finding the same results with a left-handed population. These findings provide support for structural learning and explain: (1) the rapidity with which individuals can learn to write with their non-preferred hand; (2) the presence of a higher abstract (effector independent) level within voluntary motor control organisation.
@article{
title = {Exploring structural learning in handwriting.},
type = {article},
year = {2010},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Executive Function,Executive Function: physiology,Female,Functional Laterality,Functional Laterality: physiology,Hand,Hand: physiology,Handwriting,Humans,Learning,Learning: physiology,Male,Motor Skills,Motor Skills: physiology,Muscle,Skeletal,Skeletal: innervation,Skeletal: physiology,Volition,Volition: physiology,Young Adult},
pages = {291-5},
volume = {207},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20972778},
month = {12},
id = {70cbddce-0ecb-32bf-b9d8-a1286ae57cbc},
created = {2016-01-20T15:45:31.000Z},
accessed = {2016-01-20},
file_attached = {false},
profile_id = {d5b53108-91c5-30b8-8e6c-dd027f636bcd},
last_modified = {2017-03-16T06:19:45.131Z},
read = {false},
starred = {false},
authored = {true},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
abstract = {Structural learning suggests that the human nervous system learns general rules that can be applied when controlling actions involving similar structures (e.g. using a variety of bicycles when learning to ride). These general rules can then facilitate skill acquisition in novel but related situations (e.g. a new bicycle). We tested this concept by investigating whether learned asymmetries in handwriting (greater ease in moving the hand rightwards and downwards within Western-educated populations) are present in the non-preferred hand as predicted by structural learning. We found these asymmetries in both hands of a right-handed population when tracing abstract shapes. We then ruled out biomechanical explanations by finding the same results with a left-handed population. These findings provide support for structural learning and explain: (1) the rapidity with which individuals can learn to write with their non-preferred hand; (2) the presence of a higher abstract (effector independent) level within voluntary motor control organisation.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Johnson, Robyn L and Culmer, Peter R and Burke, Melanie R and Mon-Williams, Mark and Wilkie, Richard M},
journal = {Experimental brain research},
number = {3-4}
}
Downloads: 0
{"_id":"tcZZ37QLLsro6TRHL","bibbaseid":"johnson-culmer-burke-monwilliams-wilkie-exploringstructurallearninginhandwriting-2010","downloads":0,"creationDate":"2016-01-12T15:42:21.369Z","title":"Exploring structural learning in handwriting.","author_short":["Johnson, R., L.","Culmer, P., R.","Burke, M., R.","Mon-Williams, M.","Wilkie, R., M."],"year":2010,"bibtype":"article","biburl":null,"bibdata":{"title":"Exploring structural learning in handwriting.","type":"article","year":"2010","identifiers":"[object Object]","keywords":"Adolescent,Adult,Executive Function,Executive Function: physiology,Female,Functional Laterality,Functional Laterality: physiology,Hand,Hand: physiology,Handwriting,Humans,Learning,Learning: physiology,Male,Motor Skills,Motor Skills: physiology,Muscle,Skeletal,Skeletal: innervation,Skeletal: physiology,Volition,Volition: physiology,Young Adult","pages":"291-5","volume":"207","websites":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20972778","month":"12","id":"70cbddce-0ecb-32bf-b9d8-a1286ae57cbc","created":"2016-01-20T15:45:31.000Z","accessed":"2016-01-20","file_attached":false,"profile_id":"d5b53108-91c5-30b8-8e6c-dd027f636bcd","last_modified":"2017-03-16T06:19:45.131Z","read":false,"starred":false,"authored":"true","confirmed":"true","hidden":false,"abstract":"Structural learning suggests that the human nervous system learns general rules that can be applied when controlling actions involving similar structures (e.g. using a variety of bicycles when learning to ride). These general rules can then facilitate skill acquisition in novel but related situations (e.g. a new bicycle). We tested this concept by investigating whether learned asymmetries in handwriting (greater ease in moving the hand rightwards and downwards within Western-educated populations) are present in the non-preferred hand as predicted by structural learning. We found these asymmetries in both hands of a right-handed population when tracing abstract shapes. We then ruled out biomechanical explanations by finding the same results with a left-handed population. These findings provide support for structural learning and explain: (1) the rapidity with which individuals can learn to write with their non-preferred hand; (2) the presence of a higher abstract (effector independent) level within voluntary motor control organisation.","bibtype":"article","author":"Johnson, Robyn L and Culmer, Peter R and Burke, Melanie R and Mon-Williams, Mark and Wilkie, Richard M","journal":"Experimental brain research","number":"3-4","bibtex":"@article{\n title = {Exploring structural learning in handwriting.},\n type = {article},\n year = {2010},\n identifiers = {[object Object]},\n keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Executive Function,Executive Function: physiology,Female,Functional Laterality,Functional Laterality: physiology,Hand,Hand: physiology,Handwriting,Humans,Learning,Learning: physiology,Male,Motor Skills,Motor Skills: physiology,Muscle,Skeletal,Skeletal: innervation,Skeletal: physiology,Volition,Volition: physiology,Young Adult},\n pages = {291-5},\n volume = {207},\n websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20972778},\n month = {12},\n id = {70cbddce-0ecb-32bf-b9d8-a1286ae57cbc},\n created = {2016-01-20T15:45:31.000Z},\n accessed = {2016-01-20},\n file_attached = {false},\n profile_id = {d5b53108-91c5-30b8-8e6c-dd027f636bcd},\n last_modified = {2017-03-16T06:19:45.131Z},\n read = {false},\n starred = {false},\n authored = {true},\n confirmed = {true},\n hidden = {false},\n abstract = {Structural learning suggests that the human nervous system learns general rules that can be applied when controlling actions involving similar structures (e.g. using a variety of bicycles when learning to ride). These general rules can then facilitate skill acquisition in novel but related situations (e.g. a new bicycle). We tested this concept by investigating whether learned asymmetries in handwriting (greater ease in moving the hand rightwards and downwards within Western-educated populations) are present in the non-preferred hand as predicted by structural learning. We found these asymmetries in both hands of a right-handed population when tracing abstract shapes. We then ruled out biomechanical explanations by finding the same results with a left-handed population. These findings provide support for structural learning and explain: (1) the rapidity with which individuals can learn to write with their non-preferred hand; (2) the presence of a higher abstract (effector independent) level within voluntary motor control organisation.},\n bibtype = {article},\n author = {Johnson, Robyn L and Culmer, Peter R and Burke, Melanie R and Mon-Williams, Mark and Wilkie, Richard M},\n journal = {Experimental brain research},\n number = {3-4}\n}","author_short":["Johnson, R., L.","Culmer, P., R.","Burke, M., R.","Mon-Williams, M.","Wilkie, R., M."],"urls":{"Website":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20972778"},"bibbaseid":"johnson-culmer-burke-monwilliams-wilkie-exploringstructurallearninginhandwriting-2010","role":"author","keyword":["Adolescent","Adult","Executive Function","Executive Function: physiology","Female","Functional Laterality","Functional Laterality: physiology","Hand","Hand: physiology","Handwriting","Humans","Learning","Learning: physiology","Male","Motor Skills","Motor Skills: physiology","Muscle","Skeletal","Skeletal: innervation","Skeletal: physiology","Volition","Volition: physiology","Young Adult"],"downloads":0},"search_terms":["exploring","structural","learning","handwriting","johnson","culmer","burke","mon-williams","wilkie"],"keywords":["handwriting","kinematic","learning","motor control","non-preferred hand","preferred hand","structural learning","task structure","adolescent","adult","executive function","executive function: physiology","female","functional laterality","functional laterality: physiology","hand","hand: physiology","humans","learning: physiology","male","motor skills","motor skills: physiology","muscle","skeletal","muscle","skeletal: innervation","muscle","skeletal: physiology","volition","volition: physiology","young adult"],"authorIDs":[]}