@article{johnston_smartphones_2015,
	title = {Smartphones let surgeons know {WhatsApp}: an analysis of communication in emergency surgical teams},
	volume = {209},
	issn = {00029610},
	shorttitle = {Smartphones let surgeons know {WhatsApp}},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000296101400525X},
	doi = {10/f6sn5x},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Outdated communication technologies in healthcare can place patient safety at risk. This study aimed to evaluate implementation of the WhatsApp messaging service within emergency surgical teams.
METHODS: A prospective mixed-methods study was conducted in a London hospital. All emergency surgery team members (n 5 40) used WhatsApp for communication for 19 weeks. The initiator and receiver of communication were compared for response times and communication types. Safety events were reported using direct quotations.
RESULTS: More than 1,100 hours of communication pertaining to 636 patients were recorded, generating 1,495 communication events. The attending initiated the most instruction-giving communication, whereas interns asked the most clinical questions (P , .001). The resident was the speediest responder to communication compared to the intern and attending (P , .001). The participants felt that WhatsApp helped flatten the hierarchy within the team.
CONCLUSIONS: WhatsApp represents a safe, efficient communication technology. This study lays the foundations for quality improvement innovations delivered over smartphones. Ó 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2019-07-27},
	journal = {The American Journal of Surgery},
	author = {Johnston, Maximilian J. and King, Dominic and Arora, Sonal and Behar, Nebil and Athanasiou, Thanos and Sevdalis, Nick and Darzi, Ara},
	month = jan,
	year = {2015},
	note = {00000},
	pages = {45--51}
}

{"_id":"sGGoFYJYDPY8srAiZ","bibbaseid":"johnston-king-arora-behar-athanasiou-sevdalis-darzi-smartphonesletsurgeonsknowwhatsappananalysisofcommunicationinemergencysurgicalteams-2015","authorIDs":[],"author_short":["Johnston, M. J.","King, D.","Arora, S.","Behar, N.","Athanasiou, T.","Sevdalis, N.","Darzi, A."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"Smartphones let surgeons know WhatsApp: an analysis of communication in emergency surgical teams","volume":"209","issn":"00029610","shorttitle":"Smartphones let surgeons know WhatsApp","url":"https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000296101400525X","doi":"10/f6sn5x","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Outdated communication technologies in healthcare can place patient safety at risk. This study aimed to evaluate implementation of the WhatsApp messaging service within emergency surgical teams. METHODS: A prospective mixed-methods study was conducted in a London hospital. All emergency surgery team members (n 5 40) used WhatsApp for communication for 19 weeks. The initiator and receiver of communication were compared for response times and communication types. Safety events were reported using direct quotations. RESULTS: More than 1,100 hours of communication pertaining to 636 patients were recorded, generating 1,495 communication events. The attending initiated the most instruction-giving communication, whereas interns asked the most clinical questions (P , .001). The resident was the speediest responder to communication compared to the intern and attending (P , .001). The participants felt that WhatsApp helped flatten the hierarchy within the team. CONCLUSIONS: WhatsApp represents a safe, efficient communication technology. This study lays the foundations for quality improvement innovations delivered over smartphones. Ó 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","language":"en","number":"1","urldate":"2019-07-27","journal":"The American Journal of Surgery","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Johnston"],"firstnames":["Maximilian","J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["King"],"firstnames":["Dominic"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Arora"],"firstnames":["Sonal"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Behar"],"firstnames":["Nebil"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Athanasiou"],"firstnames":["Thanos"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Sevdalis"],"firstnames":["Nick"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Darzi"],"firstnames":["Ara"],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"January","year":"2015","note":"00000","pages":"45–51","bibtex":"@article{johnston_smartphones_2015,\n\ttitle = {Smartphones let surgeons know {WhatsApp}: an analysis of communication in emergency surgical teams},\n\tvolume = {209},\n\tissn = {00029610},\n\tshorttitle = {Smartphones let surgeons know {WhatsApp}},\n\turl = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000296101400525X},\n\tdoi = {10/f6sn5x},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: Outdated communication technologies in healthcare can place patient safety at risk. This study aimed to evaluate implementation of the WhatsApp messaging service within emergency surgical teams.\nMETHODS: A prospective mixed-methods study was conducted in a London hospital. All emergency surgery team members (n 5 40) used WhatsApp for communication for 19 weeks. The initiator and receiver of communication were compared for response times and communication types. Safety events were reported using direct quotations.\nRESULTS: More than 1,100 hours of communication pertaining to 636 patients were recorded, generating 1,495 communication events. The attending initiated the most instruction-giving communication, whereas interns asked the most clinical questions (P , .001). The resident was the speediest responder to communication compared to the intern and attending (P , .001). The participants felt that WhatsApp helped flatten the hierarchy within the team.\nCONCLUSIONS: WhatsApp represents a safe, efficient communication technology. This study lays the foundations for quality improvement innovations delivered over smartphones. Ó 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {1},\n\turldate = {2019-07-27},\n\tjournal = {The American Journal of Surgery},\n\tauthor = {Johnston, Maximilian J. and King, Dominic and Arora, Sonal and Behar, Nebil and Athanasiou, Thanos and Sevdalis, Nick and Darzi, Ara},\n\tmonth = jan,\n\tyear = {2015},\n\tnote = {00000},\n\tpages = {45--51}\n}\n\n","author_short":["Johnston, M. 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