Transient freezing of water in a square channel: An experimental investigation. Kaaks, B., J., Lathouwers, D., Kloosterman, J., & Rohde, M. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 163:111417, 4, 2025.
Transient freezing of water in a square channel: An experimental investigation [link]Website  doi  abstract   bibtex   
This paper presents an experimental benchmark study for the growth of anice layer in a laminar forced convection duct. The growth of the ice layerwas initiated from a cold plate located at the bottom of the test section,capable of reaching temperatures between 0 and -20 ◦C. The flow field wasmeasured using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and the ice profiles wereobtained from a visual tracing of the solid-liquid interface. Ice profiles weremeasured at several instances of time after the onset of freezing. In addition,a parametric study was performed regarding the effect of the cold plate temperatureand the flow rate on the ice growth rate. Suitable approximationsto the experimental boundary conditions were found after a detailed analysis,which could readily be implemented in numerical software. With thisapproach, a very good agreement was obtained between the experimentalresults and numerical simulations, indicating the suitability of the currentexperimental campaign for numerical benchmarking purposes.
@article{
 title = {Transient freezing of water in a square channel: An experimental investigation},
 type = {article},
 year = {2025},
 pages = {111417},
 volume = {163},
 websites = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0894177725000111},
 month = {4},
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 abstract = {This paper presents an experimental benchmark study for the growth of anice layer in a laminar forced convection duct. The growth of the ice layerwas initiated from a cold plate located at the bottom of the test section,capable of reaching temperatures between 0 and -20 ◦C. The flow field wasmeasured using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and the ice profiles wereobtained from a visual tracing of the solid-liquid interface. Ice profiles weremeasured at several instances of time after the onset of freezing. In addition,a parametric study was performed regarding the effect of the cold plate temperatureand the flow rate on the ice growth rate. Suitable approximationsto the experimental boundary conditions were found after a detailed analysis,which could readily be implemented in numerical software. With thisapproach, a very good agreement was obtained between the experimentalresults and numerical simulations, indicating the suitability of the currentexperimental campaign for numerical benchmarking purposes.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Kaaks, Bouke Johannes and Lathouwers, Danny and Kloosterman, Jan-Leen and Rohde, Martin},
 doi = {10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2025.111417},
 journal = {Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science}
}

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