Future Challenges in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Understanding Catalysts under Dynamic Reaction Conditions. Kalz, K. F., Kraehnert, R., Dvoyashkin, M., Dittmeyer, R., Gläser, R., Krewer, U., Reuter, K., & Grunwaldt, J. D. ChemCatChem, 9(1):17–29, 2017.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
In the future, (electro-)chemical catalysts will have to be more tolerant towards a varying supply of energy and raw materials. This is mainly due to the fluctuating nature of renewable energies. For example, power-to-chemical processes require a shift from steady-state operation towards operation under dynamic reaction conditions. This brings along a number of demands for the design of both catalysts and reactors, because it is well-known that the structure of catalysts is very dynamic. However, in-depth studies of catalysts and catalytic reactors under such transient conditions have only started recently. This requires studies and advances in the fields of (i) operando spectroscopy including time-resolved methods, (ii) theory with predictive quality, (iii) kinetic modelling, (iv) design of catalysts by appropriate preparation concepts, and (v) novel/modular reactor designs. An intensive exchange between these scientific disciplines will enable a substantial gain of fundamental knowledge which is urgently required. This concept article highlights recent developments, challenges, and future directions for understanding catalysts under dynamic reaction conditions.
@article{kalz_future_2017,
	title = {Future {Challenges} in {Heterogeneous} {Catalysis}: {Understanding} {Catalysts} under {Dynamic} {Reaction} {Conditions}},
	volume = {9},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {18673899},
	doi = {10.1002/cctc.201600996},
	abstract = {In the future, (electro-)chemical catalysts will have to be more tolerant towards a varying supply of energy and raw materials. This is mainly due to the fluctuating nature of renewable energies. For example, power-to-chemical processes require a shift from steady-state operation towards operation under dynamic reaction conditions. This brings along a number of demands for the design of both catalysts and reactors, because it is well-known that the structure of catalysts is very dynamic. However, in-depth studies of catalysts and catalytic reactors under such transient conditions have only started recently. This requires studies and advances in the fields of (i) operando spectroscopy including time-resolved methods, (ii) theory with predictive quality, (iii) kinetic modelling, (iv) design of catalysts by appropriate preparation concepts, and (v) novel/modular reactor designs. An intensive exchange between these scientific disciplines will enable a substantial gain of fundamental knowledge which is urgently required. This concept article highlights recent developments, challenges, and future directions for understanding catalysts under dynamic reaction conditions.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {ChemCatChem},
	author = {Kalz, Kai F. and Kraehnert, Ralph and Dvoyashkin, Muslim and Dittmeyer, Roland and Gläser, Roger and Krewer, Ulrike and Reuter, Karsten and Grunwaldt, Jan Dierk},
	year = {2017},
	pmid = {28239429},
	keywords = {electrocatalysis, energy storage, heterogeneous catalysis, molecular modelling, operando spectroscopy},
	pages = {17--29},
}

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