@article{kame2003b,
	Abstract = {[1] We consider a mode II rupture which propagates
along a planar main fault and
encounters an intersection with a branching fault. Using an
elastodynamic boundary integral equation
formulation, allowing the failure path to be dynamically self-chosen, we
study the following
questions: Does the rupture initiate along the branch? Does it continue?
Is the extensional or
compressional side most favored for branching? Does rupture continue on
the main fault too? Failure
is described by a slip-weakening law for which the strength at any
amount of slip is proportional to
normal stress. Our results show that dynamic stresses around the rupture
tip, which increase with
rupture velocity at locations off the main fault plane relative to those
on it, could initiate
rupture on a branching fault. As suggested by prior work, whether
branched rupture can be continued
to a larger scale depends on principal stress directions in the
prestress state and on rupture
velocity. The most favored side for branching rupture switches from the
extensional to the
compressional side as we consider progressively shallower angles of the
direction of maximum
compressive prestress with the main fault. Simultaneous rupturing on
both faults can be activated
when the branching angle is wide but is usually difficult for a narrow
branching angle due to strong
stress interactions between faults. However, it can be also be activated
by enhanced dynamic
stressing when the rupture velocity is very near the Rayleigh velocity.
Natural examples seem
consistent with the simulations that we present.},
	Author = {Kame, N. and Rice, J. R. and Dmowska, R.},
	Doi = {10.1029/2002JB002189},
	Journal = {J. Geophys. Res.},
	Month = {May},
	Number = {B5},
	Title = {Effects of prestress state and rupture velocity on dynamic fault branching},
	Volume = {108},
	Year = {2003},
	Bdsk-File-1 = {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}}

{"_id":"A3ryCmR6RggeC5XKd","bibbaseid":"kame-rice-dmowska-effectsofprestressstateandrupturevelocityondynamicfaultbranching-2003","downloads":0,"creationDate":"2017-07-12T15:38:36.427Z","title":"Effects of prestress state and rupture velocity on dynamic fault branching","author_short":["Kame, N.","Rice, J. R.","Dmowska, R."],"year":2003,"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/564501919/CollectedPapers/MasterBibliography.bib","bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","abstract":"[1] We consider a mode II rupture which propagates along a planar main fault and encounters an intersection with a branching fault. Using an elastodynamic boundary integral equation formulation, allowing the failure path to be dynamically self-chosen, we study the following questions: Does the rupture initiate along the branch? Does it continue? Is the extensional or compressional side most favored for branching? Does rupture continue on the main fault too? Failure is described by a slip-weakening law for which the strength at any amount of slip is proportional to normal stress. Our results show that dynamic stresses around the rupture tip, which increase with rupture velocity at locations off the main fault plane relative to those on it, could initiate rupture on a branching fault. As suggested by prior work, whether branched rupture can be continued to a larger scale depends on principal stress directions in the prestress state and on rupture velocity. The most favored side for branching rupture switches from the extensional to the compressional side as we consider progressively shallower angles of the direction of maximum compressive prestress with the main fault. Simultaneous rupturing on both faults can be activated when the branching angle is wide but is usually difficult for a narrow branching angle due to strong stress interactions between faults. However, it can be also be activated by enhanced dynamic stressing when the rupture velocity is very near the Rayleigh velocity. Natural examples seem consistent with the simulations that we present.","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Kame"],"firstnames":["N."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Rice"],"firstnames":["J.","R."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Dmowska"],"firstnames":["R."],"suffixes":[]}],"doi":"10.1029/2002JB002189","journal":"J. Geophys. Res.","month":"May","number":"B5","title":"Effects of prestress state and rupture velocity on dynamic fault branching","volume":"108","year":"2003","bdsk-file-1":"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","bibtex":"@article{kame2003b,\n\tAbstract = {[1] We consider a mode II rupture which propagates\nalong a planar main fault and\nencounters an intersection with a branching fault. Using an\nelastodynamic boundary integral equation\nformulation, allowing the failure path to be dynamically self-chosen, we\nstudy the following\nquestions: Does the rupture initiate along the branch? Does it continue?\nIs the extensional or\ncompressional side most favored for branching? Does rupture continue on\nthe main fault too? Failure\nis described by a slip-weakening law for which the strength at any\namount of slip is proportional to\nnormal stress. Our results show that dynamic stresses around the rupture\ntip, which increase with\nrupture velocity at locations off the main fault plane relative to those\non it, could initiate\nrupture on a branching fault. As suggested by prior work, whether\nbranched rupture can be continued\nto a larger scale depends on principal stress directions in the\nprestress state and on rupture\nvelocity. The most favored side for branching rupture switches from the\nextensional to the\ncompressional side as we consider progressively shallower angles of the\ndirection of maximum\ncompressive prestress with the main fault. Simultaneous rupturing on\nboth faults can be activated\nwhen the branching angle is wide but is usually difficult for a narrow\nbranching angle due to strong\nstress interactions between faults. However, it can be also be activated\nby enhanced dynamic\nstressing when the rupture velocity is very near the Rayleigh velocity.\nNatural examples seem\nconsistent with the simulations that we present.},\n\tAuthor = {Kame, N. and Rice, J. R. and Dmowska, R.},\n\tDoi = {10.1029/2002JB002189},\n\tJournal = {J. Geophys. Res.},\n\tMonth = {May},\n\tNumber = {B5},\n\tTitle = {Effects of prestress state and rupture velocity on dynamic fault branching},\n\tVolume = {108},\n\tYear = {2003},\n\tBdsk-File-1 = {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}}\n\n","author_short":["Kame, N.","Rice, J. R.","Dmowska, R."],"key":"kame2003b","id":"kame2003b","bibbaseid":"kame-rice-dmowska-effectsofprestressstateandrupturevelocityondynamicfaultbranching-2003","role":"author","urls":{},"downloads":0,"html":""},"search_terms":["effects","prestress","state","rupture","velocity","dynamic","fault","branching","kame","rice","dmowska"],"keywords":[],"authorIDs":[],"dataSources":["PNGDXNYHvWreEEzYY"]}