Characterization and source apportionment of marine aerosols over the East China Sea

Characterization and source apportionment of marine aerosols over the East China Sea. Kang, M., Guo, H., Wang, P., Fu, P., Ying, Q., Liu, H., Zhao, Y., & Zhang, H. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, 651(2):2679-2688, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS, FEB 15, 2019.
doi abstract bibtex

Awareness of the importance of marine atmosphere for accurately estimating global aerosol budget and climate impacts has arisen recently. However, studies are limited due to the difficulty and inconvenience in sampling as well as the diversity of sources. In this study, the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was applied to investigate the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its chemical components over the East China Sea (ECS) and offshore regions. In spite of slight under-predictions, model predictions agree well with observations over the ECS and along the coast. PM2.5 and its major components in the mainland are higher than in marine area, suggesting Asian continent is a major emitter of marine aerosols. PM2.5 and its components in marine regions show higher abundance during daytime than nighttime, while it is opposite in continental regions. Aerosol phase SO42- is the most abundant component of PM2.5 over the ECS with an average concentration of 5.12 mu g m(-3), followed by NH4+ (1.02 mu g m(-3)) and primary organic aerosol (POA) (0.92 mu g m(-3)). Industry and ship emissions are the top two contributors to primary (PPM) and total PM2.5 over the ECS, while industry and agriculture sectors are major sources for secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA), followed by ship emissions. For terrestrial regions, industry and agriculture are predominant sources of PM2.5 and SIA, while industry and residential activities are the top two contributors to PPM. This study improves the understanding of transport and accumulation of air pollutants over the ECS and adjacent regions, and provides useful information for designing efficient control strategies. (c) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.

@article{ WOS:000450551600098,
Author = {Kang, Mingjie and Guo, Hao and Wang, Pengfei and Fu, Pingqing and Ying,
   Qi and Liu, Huan and Zhao, Ye and Zhang, Hongliang},
Title = {{Characterization and source apportionment of marine aerosols over the
   East China Sea}},
Journal = {{SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT}},
Year = {{2019}},
Volume = {{651}},
Number = {{2}},
Pages = {{2679-2688}},
Month = {{FEB 15}},
Abstract = {{Awareness of the importance of marine atmosphere for accurately
   estimating global aerosol budget and climate impacts has arisen
   recently. However, studies are limited due to the difficulty and
   inconvenience in sampling as well as the diversity of sources. In this
   study, the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was applied to
   investigate the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its chemical
   components over the East China Sea (ECS) and offshore regions. In spite
   of slight under-predictions, model predictions agree well with
   observations over the ECS and along the coast. PM2.5 and its major
   components in the mainland are higher than in marine area, suggesting
   Asian continent is a major emitter of marine aerosols. PM2.5 and its
   components in marine regions show higher abundance during daytime than
   nighttime, while it is opposite in continental regions. Aerosol phase
   SO42- is the most abundant component of PM2.5 over the ECS with an
   average concentration of 5.12 mu g m(-3), followed by NH4+ (1.02 mu g
   m(-3)) and primary organic aerosol (POA) (0.92 mu g m(-3)). Industry and
   ship emissions are the top two contributors to primary (PPM) and total
   PM2.5 over the ECS, while industry and agriculture sectors are major
   sources for secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA), followed by ship
   emissions. For terrestrial regions, industry and agriculture are
   predominant sources of PM2.5 and SIA, while industry and residential
   activities are the top two contributors to PPM. This study improves the
   understanding of transport and accumulation of air pollutants over the
   ECS and adjacent regions, and provides useful information for designing
   efficient control strategies. (c) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.}},
Publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},
Address = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Zhao, Y (Corresponding Author), Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Lab Water Environm Simulat, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   Zhang, HL (Corresponding Author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   Kang, Mingjie; Zhao, Ye, Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Lab Water Environm Simulat, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
   Guo, Hao; Wang, Pengfei; Zhang, Hongliang, Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   Fu, Pingqing, Tianjin Univ, Inst Surface Earth Syst Sci, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China.
   Ying, Qi, Texas A\&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77845 USA.
   Liu, Huan, Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab ESPC, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.
   Liu, Huan, State Environm Protect Key Lab Sources \& Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.174}},
ISSN = {{0048-9697}},
EISSN = {{1879-1026}},
Keywords = {{Marine aerosols; PM2.5; Coastal; Source apportionment; CMAQ; East China
   Sea}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; PARTICULATE MATTER; CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS;
   SULFATE; MODEL; SIMULATION; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT; EMISSION; NITRATE}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Environmental Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{zhaoye@bnu.edu.cn
   hlzhang@lsu.edu}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Liu, Huan/M-1902-2018
   Zhang, Hongliang/C-2499-2012
   Wang, Pengfei/ABG-1585-2020
   Fu, Pingqing/G-4863-2013
   Liu, Huan/E-7500-2015
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Zhang, Hongliang/0000-0002-1797-2311
   Wang, Pengfei/0000-0003-2454-6721
   Fu, Pingqing/0000-0001-6249-2280
   Liu, Huan/0000-0002-2217-0591
   Ying, Qi/0000-0002-4560-433X}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{China Scholarship CouncilChina Scholarship Council {[}201606040106]}},
Funding-Text = {{Portions of this research were conducted with high performance computing
   resources provided by Louisiana State University
   (http://www.hpc.lsu.edu). This research was supported by the China
   Scholarship Council (File No. 201606040106).}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{58}},
Times-Cited = {{8}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{3}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{115}},
Journal-ISO = {{Sci. Total Environ.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{HA8PB}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000450551600098}},
DA = {{2021-12-02}},
}

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However, studies are limited due to the difficulty and inconvenience in sampling as well as the diversity of sources. In this study, the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was applied to investigate the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its chemical components over the East China Sea (ECS) and offshore regions. In spite of slight under-predictions, model predictions agree well with observations over the ECS and along the coast. PM2.5 and its major components in the mainland are higher than in marine area, suggesting Asian continent is a major emitter of marine aerosols. PM2.5 and its components in marine regions show higher abundance during daytime than nighttime, while it is opposite in continental regions. Aerosol phase SO42- is the most abundant component of PM2.5 over the ECS with an average concentration of 5.12 mu g m(-3), followed by NH4+ (1.02 mu g m(-3)) and primary organic aerosol (POA) (0.92 mu g m(-3)). Industry and ship emissions are the top two contributors to primary (PPM) and total PM2.5 over the ECS, while industry and agriculture sectors are major sources for secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA), followed by ship emissions. For terrestrial regions, industry and agriculture are predominant sources of PM2.5 and SIA, while industry and residential activities are the top two contributors to PPM. This study improves the understanding of transport and accumulation of air pollutants over the ECS and adjacent regions, and provides useful information for designing efficient control strategies. (c) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.","publisher":"ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV","address":"PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS","language":"English","affiliation":"Zhao, Y (Corresponding Author), Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Lab Water Environm Simulat, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. Zhang, HL (Corresponding Author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Kang, Mingjie; Zhao, Ye, Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Lab Water Environm Simulat, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. Guo, Hao; Wang, Pengfei; Zhang, Hongliang, Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Fu, Pingqing, Tianjin Univ, Inst Surface Earth Syst Sci, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China. Ying, Qi, Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Liu, Huan, Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab ESPC, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. 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However, studies are limited due to the difficulty and\n inconvenience in sampling as well as the diversity of sources. In this\n study, the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was applied to\n investigate the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its chemical\n components over the East China Sea (ECS) and offshore regions. In spite\n of slight under-predictions, model predictions agree well with\n observations over the ECS and along the coast. PM2.5 and its major\n components in the mainland are higher than in marine area, suggesting\n Asian continent is a major emitter of marine aerosols. PM2.5 and its\n components in marine regions show higher abundance during daytime than\n nighttime, while it is opposite in continental regions. Aerosol phase\n SO42- is the most abundant component of PM2.5 over the ECS with an\n average concentration of 5.12 mu g m(-3), followed by NH4+ (1.02 mu g\n m(-3)) and primary organic aerosol (POA) (0.92 mu g m(-3)). Industry and\n ship emissions are the top two contributors to primary (PPM) and total\n PM2.5 over the ECS, while industry and agriculture sectors are major\n sources for secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA), followed by ship\n emissions. For terrestrial regions, industry and agriculture are\n predominant sources of PM2.5 and SIA, while industry and residential\n activities are the top two contributors to PPM. This study improves the\n understanding of transport and accumulation of air pollutants over the\n ECS and adjacent regions, and provides useful information for designing\n efficient control strategies. (c) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.}},\nPublisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV}},\nAddress = {{PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS}},\nType = {{Article}},\nLanguage = {{English}},\nAffiliation = {{Zhao, Y (Corresponding Author), Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Lab Water Environm Simulat, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.\n Zhang, HL (Corresponding Author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil \\& Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.\n Kang, Mingjie; Zhao, Ye, Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Lab Water Environm Simulat, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.\n Guo, Hao; Wang, Pengfei; Zhang, Hongliang, Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil \\& Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.\n Fu, Pingqing, Tianjin Univ, Inst Surface Earth Syst Sci, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China.\n Ying, Qi, Texas A\\&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77845 USA.\n Liu, Huan, Tsinghua Univ, Sch Environm, State Key Joint Lab ESPC, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.\n Liu, Huan, State Environm Protect Key Lab Sources \\& Control, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China.}},\nDOI = {{10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.174}},\nISSN = {{0048-9697}},\nEISSN = {{1879-1026}},\nKeywords = {{Marine aerosols; PM2.5; Coastal; Source apportionment; CMAQ; East China\n Sea}},\nKeywords-Plus = {{SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; PARTICULATE MATTER; CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS;\n SULFATE; MODEL; SIMULATION; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT; EMISSION; NITRATE}},\nResearch-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \\& Ecology}},\nWeb-of-Science-Categories = {{Environmental Sciences}},\nAuthor-Email = {{zhaoye@bnu.edu.cn\n hlzhang@lsu.edu}},\nResearcherID-Numbers = {{Liu, Huan/M-1902-2018\n Zhang, Hongliang/C-2499-2012\n Wang, Pengfei/ABG-1585-2020\n Fu, Pingqing/G-4863-2013\n Liu, Huan/E-7500-2015\n }},\nORCID-Numbers = {{Zhang, Hongliang/0000-0002-1797-2311\n Wang, Pengfei/0000-0003-2454-6721\n Fu, Pingqing/0000-0001-6249-2280\n Liu, Huan/0000-0002-2217-0591\n Ying, Qi/0000-0002-4560-433X}},\nFunding-Acknowledgement = {{China Scholarship CouncilChina Scholarship Council {[}201606040106]}},\nFunding-Text = {{Portions of this research were conducted with high performance computing\n resources provided by Louisiana State University\n (http://www.hpc.lsu.edu). 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