Estrogen-dependent transactivation of amphioxus steroid hormone receptor via both estrogen and androgen response elements. Katsu, Y., Kubokawa, K., Urushitani, H., & Iguchi, T. Endocrinology, 151(2):639–48, February, 2010. ![Estrogen-dependent transactivation of amphioxus steroid hormone receptor via both estrogen and androgen response elements. [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex Estrogens are necessary for ovarian differentiation during critical developmental windows in most vertebrates and promote the growth and differentiation of the adult female reproductive system. Estrogen actions are largely mediated through the estrogen receptors (ERs), which are ligand-activated transcription factors. To understand the molecular evolution of sex steroid hormone receptors, we isolated cDNAs encoding two steroid receptors from Japanese amphioxus, Branchiostoma belcheri: an ER ortholog and a ketosteroid receptor (SR) ortholog. Reporter gene assays revealed that the SR ortholog has molecular functions similar to those of the vertebrate ER. Surprisingly, the ER ortholog is an estrogen-insensitive repressor of SR-mediated transcription. Furthermore, we found that the SR ortholog can bind to both estrogen-responsive elements (EREs) and androgen-responsive elements (AREs) and mediates transcriptional activation by estrogens through both types of elements. Our findings suggest that the ancestral SR, but not ER, could bind estrone and induce the ERE- and ARE-dependent transactivation and that it gained the ability to be regulated by ketosteroid and recognize ARE specifically before jawless vertebrates split. These results highlight the importance of comparative experimental approaches for the evolutionary study of endocrine systems.
@article{katsu_estrogen-dependent_2010,
title = {Estrogen-dependent transactivation of amphioxus steroid hormone receptor via both estrogen and androgen response elements.},
volume = {151},
issn = {1945-7170},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19966182},
doi = {10.1210/en.2009-0766},
abstract = {Estrogens are necessary for ovarian differentiation during critical developmental windows in most vertebrates and promote the growth and differentiation of the adult female reproductive system. Estrogen actions are largely mediated through the estrogen receptors (ERs), which are ligand-activated transcription factors. To understand the molecular evolution of sex steroid hormone receptors, we isolated cDNAs encoding two steroid receptors from Japanese amphioxus, Branchiostoma belcheri: an ER ortholog and a ketosteroid receptor (SR) ortholog. Reporter gene assays revealed that the SR ortholog has molecular functions similar to those of the vertebrate ER. Surprisingly, the ER ortholog is an estrogen-insensitive repressor of SR-mediated transcription. Furthermore, we found that the SR ortholog can bind to both estrogen-responsive elements (EREs) and androgen-responsive elements (AREs) and mediates transcriptional activation by estrogens through both types of elements. Our findings suggest that the ancestral SR, but not ER, could bind estrone and induce the ERE- and ARE-dependent transactivation and that it gained the ability to be regulated by ketosteroid and recognize ARE specifically before jawless vertebrates split. These results highlight the importance of comparative experimental approaches for the evolutionary study of endocrine systems.},
number = {2},
journal = {Endocrinology},
author = {Katsu, Yoshinao and Kubokawa, Kaoru and Urushitani, Hiroshi and Iguchi, Taisen},
month = feb,
year = {2010},
keywords = {Amino Acid, Amino Acid Sequence, Androgens, Androgens: pharmacology, Animals, Cell Differentiation, Cell Line, Conserved Sequence, DNA Primers, Estrogen, Estrogen: drug effects, Estrogen: genetics, Estrogens, Estrogens: pharmacology, Female, Genes, Hep G2 Cells, Hep G2 Cells: drug effects, Hep G2 Cells: physiology, Humans, Kidney, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Ovary, Ovary: cytology, Ovary: physiology, Receptors, Reporter, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Homology, Vertebrates, Zebrafish, Zebrafish: genetics, misaki},
pages = {639--48}
}
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Estrogen actions are largely mediated through the estrogen receptors (ERs), which are ligand-activated transcription factors. To understand the molecular evolution of sex steroid hormone receptors, we isolated cDNAs encoding two steroid receptors from Japanese amphioxus, Branchiostoma belcheri: an ER ortholog and a ketosteroid receptor (SR) ortholog. Reporter gene assays revealed that the SR ortholog has molecular functions similar to those of the vertebrate ER. Surprisingly, the ER ortholog is an estrogen-insensitive repressor of SR-mediated transcription. Furthermore, we found that the SR ortholog can bind to both estrogen-responsive elements (EREs) and androgen-responsive elements (AREs) and mediates transcriptional activation by estrogens through both types of elements. Our findings suggest that the ancestral SR, but not ER, could bind estrone and induce the ERE- and ARE-dependent transactivation and that it gained the ability to be regulated by ketosteroid and recognize ARE specifically before jawless vertebrates split. 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