Kinetics and reusability of Zr/CaO as heterogeneous catalyst for the ethanolysis and methanolysis of Jatropha crucas oil. Kaur, N. & Ali, A. Fuel Processing Technology, 119:173–184, March, 2014. WOS:000330145000023
doi  abstract   bibtex   
Zirconium impregnated (5-20 wt.%) calcium oxide (Zr/Ca0) was prepared by a simple wet chemical method followed by calcination up to 900 C. The prepared Zr/CaO was employed as a heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification of Jatropha crucas oil with ethanol and methanol for the production of fatty acid ethyl and methyl esters, respectively. The catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface Area measurement, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy techniques and basic strength of the catalyst were established by acid-base titration. The catalytic activity was found to be a function of basic sites which in turn depend on calcination temperature and zirconium concentration. The catalyst with 15 wt.% zirconium concentration and calcined at 700 degrees C, showed the highest catalytic activity among the prepared catalysts. A pseudo first order kinetic equation was applied to evaluate the kinetic parameters of Zr/CaO catalyzed transesterification. The activation energy (Ea) for the Zr/CaO catalyzed methanolysis and ethanolysis was found to be 29.8 kJ mol(-1) and 42.5 kJ mol(-1), respectively. The Koras-Nowak test was performed to demonstrate that catalytic activity was independent from the mass transport phenomenon and follows the kinetic regime. (C) 2013 Elsevier BY. All rights reserved.
@article{kaur_kinetics_2014,
	title = {Kinetics and reusability of {Zr}/{CaO} as heterogeneous catalyst for the ethanolysis and methanolysis of {Jatropha} crucas oil},
	volume = {119},
	issn = {0378-3820},
	doi = {10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.11.002},
	abstract = {Zirconium impregnated (5-20 wt.\%) calcium oxide (Zr/Ca0) was prepared by a simple wet chemical method followed by calcination up to 900 C. The prepared Zr/CaO was employed as a heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification of Jatropha crucas oil with ethanol and methanol for the production of fatty acid ethyl and methyl esters, respectively. The catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface Area measurement, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy techniques and basic strength of the catalyst were established by acid-base titration. The catalytic activity was found to be a function of basic sites which in turn depend on calcination temperature and zirconium concentration. The catalyst with 15 wt.\% zirconium concentration and calcined at 700 degrees C, showed the highest catalytic activity among the prepared catalysts. A pseudo first order kinetic equation was applied to evaluate the kinetic parameters of Zr/CaO catalyzed transesterification. The activation energy (Ea) for the Zr/CaO catalyzed methanolysis and ethanolysis was found to be 29.8 kJ mol(-1) and 42.5 kJ mol(-1), respectively. The Koras-Nowak test was performed to demonstrate that catalytic activity was independent from the mass transport phenomenon and follows the kinetic regime. (C) 2013 Elsevier BY. All rights reserved.},
	language = {English},
	journal = {Fuel Processing Technology},
	author = {Kaur, Navjot and Ali, Amjad},
	month = mar,
	year = {2014},
	note = {WOS:000330145000023},
	keywords = {Biodiesel, Ethanolysis, Heterogeneous catalyst, Methanolysis, Transesterification, biodiesel fuel production, cao, fixed-bed reactor, oxide, solid base catalysts, soybean oil, spectroscopy, transesterification reaction, vegetable-oil, waste cooking oil},
	pages = {173--184},
}

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