Reafference and attractors in the olfactory system during odor recognition. Kay, L. M., Lancaster, L. R., & Freeman, W. Int J Neural Syst, 7(4):489-95, 1996. abstract bibtex Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California at Berkeley 94720, USA. LKAY@artemis.caltech.edu Olfactory bulb activity has been postulated to be chaotic, as measured in the EEG, and to be subject to an attractor with many "wings" enabling classification of different learned odor classes. Two parallel questions are thus addressed by the work presented here: (1) what is the evidence for attractors in the olfactory system, which can mediate learned odor classes? and (2) how does the olfactory system enter a specific attractor or attractor wing associated with the learned odor during the classification process? Both of these questions address the wider notion of endogenous activity preparing the system for an expected stimulus, which is at the basis of the reafference principle. By viewing the brain as a distributed complex dynamical system with global attractors, these questions can be answered together. Rats were implanted with bipolar macroelectrodes in the Olfactory Bulb (OB), Prepyriform Cortex (PPC), Entorhinal Cortex (EC), and Dentate Gyrus (DG), and then trained in an operant paradigm to press a bar for a reward in the presence of one odor and to receive no reward in the presence of another odor. Local Field Potentials (LFP) were recorded simultaneously from the structures during the operant task. We present evidence for three endogenous events: (1) preafference, which is manifested both by the EC entering an attractor and a mid-range signal (15-30 Hz) which appears to be passed from the EC to the OB just before the OB enters an attractor; (2) afference, where the OB enters an attractor during the odor recognition period of the experiment and the LFP recordings indicate that the OB drives the other structures in all frequency bands, especially the high gamma band (65-100 Hz) associated with the OB burst frequency; and (3) reafference or post-afference, which is accompanied by a lower frequency gamma band signal (40-60 Hz) originating in the PPC and passed to both the OB and the EC just before the onset of the motor response to the odor. We use a new method, NECTAR (Nonparametric Exact Contingency Table Association Routine), related to mutual information, to verify what is seen with coherence and phase estimates, the apparent driving of each structure at different times in the odor trials, and to display evidence for non-periodic attractors governing both individual physiological structures and the system of structures. This is the first evidence of an endogenous, limbic event associated with sensory perceptual tuning in a mammal. These results are also the first experimental confirmation that the attractors governing olfactory activity involve multiple sites in the olfactory/limbic system and implement the process of attention.
@article{ Kay_etal96,
author = {Kay, L. M. and Lancaster, L. R. and Freeman, W.J.},
title = {Reafference and attractors in the olfactory system during odor recognition},
journal = {Int J Neural Syst},
year = {1996},
volume = {7},
pages = {489-95},
number = {4},
abstract = {Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California at Berkeley
94720, USA. LKAY@artemis.caltech.edu
Olfactory bulb activity has been postulated to be chaotic, as measured
in the EEG, and to be subject to an attractor with many "wings" enabling
classification of different learned odor classes. Two parallel questions
are thus addressed by the work presented here: (1) what is the evidence
for attractors in the olfactory system, which can mediate learned
odor classes? and (2) how does the olfactory system enter a specific
attractor or attractor wing associated with the learned odor during
the classification process? Both of these questions address the wider
notion of endogenous activity preparing the system for an expected
stimulus, which is at the basis of the reafference principle. By
viewing the brain as a distributed complex dynamical system with
global attractors, these questions can be answered together. Rats
were implanted with bipolar macroelectrodes in the Olfactory Bulb
(OB), Prepyriform Cortex (PPC), Entorhinal Cortex (EC), and Dentate
Gyrus (DG), and then trained in an operant paradigm to press a bar
for a reward in the presence of one odor and to receive no reward
in the presence of another odor. Local Field Potentials (LFP) were
recorded simultaneously from the structures during the operant task.
We present evidence for three endogenous events: (1) preafference,
which is manifested both by the EC entering an attractor and a mid-range
signal (15-30 Hz) which appears to be passed from the EC to the OB
just before the OB enters an attractor; (2) afference, where the
OB enters an attractor during the odor recognition period of the
experiment and the LFP recordings indicate that the OB drives the
other structures in all frequency bands, especially the high gamma
band (65-100 Hz) associated with the OB burst frequency; and (3)
reafference or post-afference, which is accompanied by a lower frequency
gamma band signal (40-60 Hz) originating in the PPC and passed to
both the OB and the EC just before the onset of the motor response
to the odor. We use a new method, NECTAR (Nonparametric Exact Contingency
Table Association Routine), related to mutual information, to verify
what is seen with coherence and phase estimates, the apparent driving
of each structure at different times in the odor trials, and to display
evidence for non-periodic attractors governing both individual physiological
structures and the system of structures. This is the first evidence
of an endogenous, limbic event associated with sensory perceptual
tuning in a mammal. These results are also the first experimental
confirmation that the attractors governing olfactory activity involve
multiple sites in the olfactory/limbic system and implement the process
of attention.}
}
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{"_id":"c986iJHGAQBuHaesJ","bibbaseid":"kay-lancaster-freeman-reafferenceandattractorsintheolfactorysystemduringodorrecognition-1996","downloads":0,"creationDate":"2015-02-08T05:14:47.780Z","title":"Reafference and attractors in the olfactory system during odor recognition","author_short":["Kay, L.<nbsp>M.","Lancaster, L.<nbsp>R.","Freeman, W."],"year":1996,"bibtype":"article","biburl":"http://cnslab.mb.jhu.edu/niebase.bib","bibdata":{"abstract":"Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California at Berkeley 94720, USA. LKAY@artemis.caltech.edu Olfactory bulb activity has been postulated to be chaotic, as measured in the EEG, and to be subject to an attractor with many \"wings\" enabling classification of different learned odor classes. Two parallel questions are thus addressed by the work presented here: (1) what is the evidence for attractors in the olfactory system, which can mediate learned odor classes? and (2) how does the olfactory system enter a specific attractor or attractor wing associated with the learned odor during the classification process? Both of these questions address the wider notion of endogenous activity preparing the system for an expected stimulus, which is at the basis of the reafference principle. By viewing the brain as a distributed complex dynamical system with global attractors, these questions can be answered together. Rats were implanted with bipolar macroelectrodes in the Olfactory Bulb (OB), Prepyriform Cortex (PPC), Entorhinal Cortex (EC), and Dentate Gyrus (DG), and then trained in an operant paradigm to press a bar for a reward in the presence of one odor and to receive no reward in the presence of another odor. Local Field Potentials (LFP) were recorded simultaneously from the structures during the operant task. We present evidence for three endogenous events: (1) preafference, which is manifested both by the EC entering an attractor and a mid-range signal (15-30 Hz) which appears to be passed from the EC to the OB just before the OB enters an attractor; (2) afference, where the OB enters an attractor during the odor recognition period of the experiment and the LFP recordings indicate that the OB drives the other structures in all frequency bands, especially the high gamma band (65-100 Hz) associated with the OB burst frequency; and (3) reafference or post-afference, which is accompanied by a lower frequency gamma band signal (40-60 Hz) originating in the PPC and passed to both the OB and the EC just before the onset of the motor response to the odor. We use a new method, NECTAR (Nonparametric Exact Contingency Table Association Routine), related to mutual information, to verify what is seen with coherence and phase estimates, the apparent driving of each structure at different times in the odor trials, and to display evidence for non-periodic attractors governing both individual physiological structures and the system of structures. This is the first evidence of an endogenous, limbic event associated with sensory perceptual tuning in a mammal. These results are also the first experimental confirmation that the attractors governing olfactory activity involve multiple sites in the olfactory/limbic system and implement the process of attention.","author":["Kay, L. M.","Lancaster, L. R.","Freeman, W.J."],"author_short":["Kay, L.<nbsp>M.","Lancaster, L.<nbsp>R.","Freeman, W."],"bibtex":"@article{ Kay_etal96,\n author = {Kay, L. M. and Lancaster, L. R. and Freeman, W.J.},\n title = {Reafference and attractors in the olfactory system during odor recognition},\n journal = {Int J Neural Syst},\n year = {1996},\n volume = {7},\n pages = {489-95},\n number = {4},\n abstract = {Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California at Berkeley\n\t94720, USA. LKAY@artemis.caltech.edu \n\t\n\tOlfactory bulb activity has been postulated to be chaotic, as measured\n\tin the EEG, and to be subject to an attractor with many \"wings\" enabling\n\tclassification of different learned odor classes. Two parallel questions\n\tare thus addressed by the work presented here: (1) what is the evidence\n\tfor attractors in the olfactory system, which can mediate learned\n\todor classes? and (2) how does the olfactory system enter a specific\n\tattractor or attractor wing associated with the learned odor during\n\tthe classification process? Both of these questions address the wider\n\tnotion of endogenous activity preparing the system for an expected\n\tstimulus, which is at the basis of the reafference principle. By\n\tviewing the brain as a distributed complex dynamical system with\n\tglobal attractors, these questions can be answered together. Rats\n\twere implanted with bipolar macroelectrodes in the Olfactory Bulb\n\t(OB), Prepyriform Cortex (PPC), Entorhinal Cortex (EC), and Dentate\n\tGyrus (DG), and then trained in an operant paradigm to press a bar\n\tfor a reward in the presence of one odor and to receive no reward\n\tin the presence of another odor. Local Field Potentials (LFP) were\n\trecorded simultaneously from the structures during the operant task.\n\tWe present evidence for three endogenous events: (1) preafference,\n\twhich is manifested both by the EC entering an attractor and a mid-range\n\tsignal (15-30 Hz) which appears to be passed from the EC to the OB\n\tjust before the OB enters an attractor; (2) afference, where the\n\tOB enters an attractor during the odor recognition period of the\n\texperiment and the LFP recordings indicate that the OB drives the\n\tother structures in all frequency bands, especially the high gamma\n\tband (65-100 Hz) associated with the OB burst frequency; and (3)\n\treafference or post-afference, which is accompanied by a lower frequency\n\tgamma band signal (40-60 Hz) originating in the PPC and passed to\n\tboth the OB and the EC just before the onset of the motor response\n\tto the odor. We use a new method, NECTAR (Nonparametric Exact Contingency\n\tTable Association Routine), related to mutual information, to verify\n\twhat is seen with coherence and phase estimates, the apparent driving\n\tof each structure at different times in the odor trials, and to display\n\tevidence for non-periodic attractors governing both individual physiological\n\tstructures and the system of structures. This is the first evidence\n\tof an endogenous, limbic event associated with sensory perceptual\n\ttuning in a mammal. These results are also the first experimental\n\tconfirmation that the attractors governing olfactory activity involve\n\tmultiple sites in the olfactory/limbic system and implement the process\n\tof attention.}\n}","bibtype":"article","id":"Kay_etal96","journal":"Int J Neural Syst","key":"Kay_etal96","number":"4","pages":"489-95","title":"Reafference and attractors in the olfactory system during odor recognition","type":"article","volume":"7","year":"1996","bibbaseid":"kay-lancaster-freeman-reafferenceandattractorsintheolfactorysystemduringodorrecognition-1996","role":"author","urls":{},"downloads":0},"search_terms":["reafference","attractors","olfactory","system","during","odor","recognition","kay","lancaster","freeman"],"keywords":[],"authorIDs":[],"dataSources":["ErLXoH8mqSjESnrN5"]}