Characteristics of Bald Eagle Communal Roosts in the Klamath and California. Keister Jr., G., P. & Anthony, R., G. Journal of Wildlife Management, 47(4):1072-1079, 1983.
abstract   bibtex   
The relationship between bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and their winter habitat was examined at 5 communal roosts in the Klamath Basin of southern Oregon and northern California. Bald eagle communal roosts were in forest stands with old (mean age of roost trees = 236 years), open-structured trees closest to the feeding areas. Mean characteristics of forest stands at the 5 roosts were: density, 53.1 trees/ha; dbh, 54.3 cm; height, 26.4 m; percent spikes and snags, 7.2. Roost trees were generally larger and more open in structure than surrounding stand characteristics (dbh, 69.6 cm; height, 28.2 m; percent spikes and snags used, 15.6). Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) occurred in only 1 roost and was used for roosting in a much greater proportion than it occurred. The remaining 4 roosts were nearly single species stands of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). Management guidelines are suggested to maintain suitable wintering roost habitat for bald eagles. J.
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 title = {Characteristics of Bald Eagle Communal Roosts in the Klamath and California},
 type = {article},
 year = {1983},
 pages = {1072-1079},
 volume = {47},
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 abstract = {The relationship between bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and their winter habitat was examined at 5 communal roosts in the Klamath Basin of southern Oregon and northern California. Bald eagle communal roosts were in forest stands with old (mean age of roost trees = 236 years), open-structured trees closest to the feeding areas. Mean characteristics of forest stands at the 5 roosts were: density, 53.1 trees/ha; dbh, 54.3 cm; height, 26.4 m; percent spikes and snags, 7.2. Roost trees were generally larger and more open in structure than surrounding stand characteristics (dbh, 69.6 cm; height, 28.2 m; percent spikes and snags used, 15.6). Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) occurred in only 1 roost and was used for roosting in a much greater proportion than it occurred. The remaining 4 roosts were nearly single species stands of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). Management guidelines are suggested to maintain suitable wintering roost habitat for bald eagles. J.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Keister Jr., George P and Anthony, Robert G},
 journal = {Journal of Wildlife Management},
 number = {4}
}

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