Teratogenesis in Lake Trout ( Salvelinus namaycush ) in an Experimentally Acidified Lake . Kennedy, L., A. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37(12):2355-2358, 2009.
 Teratogenesis in Lake Trout ( Salvelinus namaycush ) in an Experimentally Acidified Lake  [pdf]Paper  abstract   bibtex   
Embryonic mortality and morbidity were seen in an indigenous population of lake trout (S. namaycush) inhabiting a lake experimentally acidified over a period of 3a to a mean summer epilimnion pH of 5.84. The pH of the hypolimnetic zone where trout spend the summer and undergo gametogenesis was 6.2 Although fertilization appeared to be successful, 59% of eggs incubated in the acidified lake had died or failed to gastrulate by 15d, and 60% of the surviving embryos displayed gross anatomical malformations. Prior to hatching, only 6% of the eggs contained embryos. Both the volume and dry weight of eggs of fish inhabiting the acidified lake were significantly less than eggs from the control lake. When gametogenesis and fertilization occurred in the acid lake, but embryogenesis occurred in untreated water in the laboratory, there was a 50% reduction in the viability of eggs of one fish by day 31, compared to controls.

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