Effect of Agitation/Flow on the Enzymatic Digestion of Cellulose: a Structural Study by SANS. Kent, M. S., Murton, J. K., Dibble, D. C., Zendejas, F., Banuelos, J. L., Urquidi, J., Hjelm, R. P., & Simmons, B. A. Polymer Preprints, ACS-PMSE symposium on Small Angle Neutron Scattering from Polymers and Complex Fluids, 238th ACS National Meeting, Washington DC, Aug 16-20, 2009., August, 2009. abstract bibtex The breakdown of cellulose into fermentable sugars is a critical step in the production of transportation fuels from biomass.1-3 The most common route is through enzymatic digestion. Improving the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is one of the key technological hurdles in reducing the cost of producing ethanol from lignocellulosic feedstocks. Various pretreatments are being explored to enhance enzyme activity on cellulosic biomass.4, 5 Many of these work very well but add substantially to the cost. We show below that mechanical stirring or flow can substantially affect the structure and digestability of cellulose; thus, it should be considered as part of feedstock processing. While the presence of lignin is an important factor limiting the yields of fermentable sugars from biomass, the present study focuses on purified natural cellulose in the absence of lignin. The structure of crystalline cellulose from a variety of sources has been extensively studied in air or vacuum by SAXS, WAXS, and TEM.6 Structural studies that can be performed in-situ during enzymatic hydrolysis are needed to provide further insight. We report the first study of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). SANS probes structural correlations in the nano- to micro-scale regime, in this case from \textasciitilde10 Å to \textasciitilde1000 Å. This range of length scale is difficult to probe by other techniques. The digestions were performed in a static mode (absence of stirring or flow), and also in a flowing system that included a stirred reservoir. The focus of this work is the effect of agitation on a weak interference peak reflecting a characteristic length of the primary fibrils, and also the mass fractal characteristics of the cellulose in the above range of size scale.
@article{kent_effect_2009,
title = {Effect of {Agitation}/{Flow} on the {Enzymatic} {Digestion} of {Cellulose}: a {Structural} {Study} by {SANS}},
abstract = {The breakdown of cellulose into fermentable sugars is a critical step in the production of transportation fuels from biomass.1-3 The most common route is through enzymatic digestion. Improving the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is one of the key technological hurdles in reducing the cost of producing ethanol from lignocellulosic feedstocks. Various pretreatments are being explored to enhance enzyme activity on cellulosic biomass.4, 5 Many of these work very well but add substantially to the cost. We show below that mechanical stirring or flow can substantially affect the structure and digestability of cellulose; thus, it should be considered as part of feedstock processing. While the presence of lignin is an important factor limiting the yields of fermentable sugars from biomass, the present study focuses on purified natural cellulose in the absence of lignin. The structure of crystalline cellulose from a variety of sources has been extensively studied in air or vacuum by SAXS, WAXS, and TEM.6 Structural studies that can be performed in-situ during enzymatic hydrolysis are needed to provide further insight. We report the first study of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). SANS probes structural correlations in the nano- to micro-scale regime, in this case from {\textasciitilde}10 Å to {\textasciitilde}1000 Å. This range of length scale is difficult to probe by other techniques. The digestions were performed in a static mode (absence of stirring or flow), and also in a flowing system that included a stirred reservoir. The focus of this work is the effect of agitation on a weak interference peak reflecting a characteristic length of the primary fibrils, and also the mass fractal characteristics of the cellulose in the above range of size scale.},
journal = {Polymer Preprints, ACS-PMSE symposium on Small Angle Neutron Scattering from Polymers and Complex Fluids, 238th ACS National Meeting, Washington DC, Aug 16-20, 2009.},
author = {Kent, M. S. and Murton, J. K. and Dibble, D. C. and Zendejas, F. and Banuelos, J. L. and Urquidi, J. and Hjelm, R. P. and Simmons, B. A.},
month = aug,
year = {2009},
pages = {2}
}
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Improving the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is one of the key technological hurdles in reducing the cost of producing ethanol from lignocellulosic feedstocks. Various pretreatments are being explored to enhance enzyme activity on cellulosic biomass.4, 5 Many of these work very well but add substantially to the cost. We show below that mechanical stirring or flow can substantially affect the structure and digestability of cellulose; thus, it should be considered as part of feedstock processing. While the presence of lignin is an important factor limiting the yields of fermentable sugars from biomass, the present study focuses on purified natural cellulose in the absence of lignin. The structure of crystalline cellulose from a variety of sources has been extensively studied in air or vacuum by SAXS, WAXS, and TEM.6 Structural studies that can be performed in-situ during enzymatic hydrolysis are needed to provide further insight. We report the first study of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). SANS probes structural correlations in the nano- to micro-scale regime, in this case from \\textasciitilde10 Å to \\textasciitilde1000 Å. This range of length scale is difficult to probe by other techniques. The digestions were performed in a static mode (absence of stirring or flow), and also in a flowing system that included a stirred reservoir. 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