Water-crossing behavior of raptors during migration. Kerlinger, P. Wilson Bulletin, 97(1):109-113, 1985.
abstract   bibtex   
igration pathways of many birds are known to be influenced by large bodies of water (Ralph, Bird-Banding 49:237-247, 1978). The best example of lakes and oceans acting as barriers to migration is the aggregations of Falconiformes along coastlines and at the end of peninsulas (Allen and Peterson, Auk 53:393-404, 1936; Haugh and Cade, Wilson Bull. 78:88-l 10, 1966; Evans and Lathbury, Ibis 115:572-585, 1973; and summarized by Newton, Population Ecology of Raptors, Buteo Books, Vermillion, South Dakota, 1979). While some species are reluctant to cross water, others make long distance flights (> 100 km) over water (Williamson, Br. Birds 47:434-44 1, 1954; Brown and Amadon, Eagles, Hawks and Falcons of the World, McGraw-Hill, New York, New York, 1968; Moreau, The Palearctic-African Bird Migration Systems, Academic Press, New York, New York, 1972; Beamon and Galea, Ibis 116:419-431, 1974; Walter, Eleonora’s Falcon, Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, 1979; Kerlinger et al., Auk 100: 488-490, 1983). Few studies have been conducted to determine what species undertake water crossings and under what conditions birds cross (Kerlinger, Anim. Behav. 32: 1029- 1034, 1984). In this paper I report on the water crossing tendencies of 10 Falconiform species during migration at two locations in North America. In addition, I test the hypothesis that long, narrow-winged species undertake water crossings more readily than species with low aspect ratio.
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 title = {Water-crossing behavior of raptors during migration},
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 year = {1985},
 pages = {109-113},
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 abstract = {igration pathways of many birds are known to be influenced by large bodies of water (Ralph, Bird-Banding 49:237-247, 1978). The best example of lakes and oceans acting as barriers to migration is the aggregations of Falconiformes along coastlines and at the end of peninsulas (Allen and Peterson, Auk 53:393-404, 1936; Haugh and Cade, Wilson Bull. 78:88-l 10, 1966; Evans and Lathbury, Ibis 115:572-585, 1973; and summarized by Newton, Population Ecology of Raptors, Buteo Books, Vermillion, South Dakota, 1979). While some species are reluctant to cross water, others make long distance flights (> 100 km) over water (Williamson, Br. Birds 47:434-44 1, 1954; Brown and Amadon, Eagles, Hawks and Falcons of the World, McGraw-Hill, New York, New York, 1968; Moreau, The Palearctic-African Bird Migration Systems, Academic Press, New York, New York, 1972; Beamon and Galea, Ibis 116:419-431, 1974; Walter, Eleonora’s Falcon, Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, 1979; Kerlinger et al., Auk 100: 488-490, 1983). Few studies have been conducted to determine what species undertake water crossings and under what conditions birds cross (Kerlinger, Anim. Behav. 32: 1029- 1034, 1984). In this paper I report on the water crossing tendencies of 10 Falconiform species during migration at two locations in North America. In addition, I test the hypothesis that long, narrow-winged species undertake water crossings more readily than species with low aspect ratio.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Kerlinger, P},
 journal = {Wilson Bulletin},
 number = {1}
}

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