@article{kheok_efficacy_2008,
	title = {The efficacy of influenza vaccination in healthcare workers in a tropical setting: {A} prospective investigator blinded observational study},
	volume = {37},
	issn = {0304-4602},
	url = {http://www.annals.edu.sg/PDF/37VolNo6Jun2008/V37N6p465.pdf http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=emed10&NEWS=N&AN=352070382},
	abstract = {Introduction: Influenza vaccine has been shown to be highly effective in temper ateregions with well-defined seasonal influenza. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are advised to receive regular influenza vaccination to protect themselves and their patients. However, there are limited data on the efficacy of influenza vaccine in HCWs in the tropics. Material(s) and Method(s): In this ob ser vational, investigator b linded cohort study, bi-monthly questionnaires recording influenzalike illness (ILI) episodes and medical leave were administered to 541 HCWs at the Singapore National University Hospital and KK Wornen's and Children's Hospital from 2004 to 2005. ILI was defined according to a standard symptom score. Result(s): Baseline characteristics were comparable in both the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups. Overall, the relative risk of self-reported ILI in vaccinated HCWs was 1.13 [95\% confidence interval (CI), 0.98-1.13; P = 0.107]; medical leave taken was lower in the vaccinated group [mean 0.26 +/- 0.6 days per visit, compared with 0.30 +/- 0.5 days in the non-vaccinated group (P = 0.40)]. Because of the reported Northern Hemisphere 2003/04 vaccine mismatch, we stratified the cohort and determined that the group which received a matched vaccinehad arelativerisk of ILI of 0.49 (95\% CI, 0.37-0.66; P{\textless}0.001), achieving a vaccine efficacy of 51\% . Mean medical leave decreased significantly in HCWs who received the matched vaccine, compared with those who did not receive vaccination (0.13 +/- 0.3 vs 0.30 +/- 0.5; P {\textless}0.001) and with HCWs vaccinated with mismatched strains (0.13 +/- 0.3 vs 0.39 +/- 0.9; P = 0.01). Conclusion(s): A well-matched influenza vaccine is effective in preventing ILI and reducing sickness absence in healthcare workers in tropical settings. Efforts need to be made to increase influenza vaccination rates and to improve the currently available vaccines.},
	language = {English},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore},
	author = {Kheok, S. W. and Chong, C. Y. and McCarthy, G. and Lim, W. Y. and Goh, K. T. and Razak, L. and Tee, N. W. S. and Tambyah, P. A.},
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {*health care personnel, *influenza vaccination, *influenza vaccine/dt [Drug Therapy], *influenza/dt [Drug Therapy], *influenza/pc [Prevention], Singapore, adult, article, cohort analysis, confidence interval, controlled study, drug efficacy, female, flu like syndrome, human, major clinical study, male, medical leave, observational study, prospective study, questionnaire, self report, statistical significance, university hospital},
	pages = {465--469},
}

{"_id":"BWGXD5EmSzS6N82Jz","bibbaseid":"kheok-chong-mccarthy-lim-goh-razak-tee-tambyah-theefficacyofinfluenzavaccinationinhealthcareworkersinatropicalsettingaprospectiveinvestigatorblindedobservationalstudy-2008","authorIDs":[],"author_short":["Kheok, S. W.","Chong, C. Y.","McCarthy, G.","Lim, W. Y.","Goh, K. T.","Razak, L.","Tee, N. W. S.","Tambyah, P. A."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"The efficacy of influenza vaccination in healthcare workers in a tropical setting: A prospective investigator blinded observational study","volume":"37","issn":"0304-4602","url":"http://www.annals.edu.sg/PDF/37VolNo6Jun2008/V37N6p465.pdf http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=emed10&NEWS=N&AN=352070382","abstract":"Introduction: Influenza vaccine has been shown to be highly effective in temper ateregions with well-defined seasonal influenza. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are advised to receive regular influenza vaccination to protect themselves and their patients. However, there are limited data on the efficacy of influenza vaccine in HCWs in the tropics. Material(s) and Method(s): In this ob ser vational, investigator b linded cohort study, bi-monthly questionnaires recording influenzalike illness (ILI) episodes and medical leave were administered to 541 HCWs at the Singapore National University Hospital and KK Wornen's and Children's Hospital from 2004 to 2005. ILI was defined according to a standard symptom score. Result(s): Baseline characteristics were comparable in both the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups. Overall, the relative risk of self-reported ILI in vaccinated HCWs was 1.13 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.98-1.13; P = 0.107]; medical leave taken was lower in the vaccinated group [mean 0.26 +/- 0.6 days per visit, compared with 0.30 +/- 0.5 days in the non-vaccinated group (P = 0.40)]. Because of the reported Northern Hemisphere 2003/04 vaccine mismatch, we stratified the cohort and determined that the group which received a matched vaccinehad arelativerisk of ILI of 0.49 (95% CI, 0.37-0.66; P\\textless0.001), achieving a vaccine efficacy of 51% . Mean medical leave decreased significantly in HCWs who received the matched vaccine, compared with those who did not receive vaccination (0.13 +/- 0.3 vs 0.30 +/- 0.5; P \\textless0.001) and with HCWs vaccinated with mismatched strains (0.13 +/- 0.3 vs 0.39 +/- 0.9; P = 0.01). Conclusion(s): A well-matched influenza vaccine is effective in preventing ILI and reducing sickness absence in healthcare workers in tropical settings. Efforts need to be made to increase influenza vaccination rates and to improve the currently available vaccines.","language":"English","number":"6","journal":"Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Kheok"],"firstnames":["S.","W."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Chong"],"firstnames":["C.","Y."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["McCarthy"],"firstnames":["G."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Lim"],"firstnames":["W.","Y."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Goh"],"firstnames":["K.","T."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Razak"],"firstnames":["L."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Tee"],"firstnames":["N.","W.","S."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Tambyah"],"firstnames":["P.","A."],"suffixes":[]}],"year":"2008","keywords":"*health care personnel, *influenza vaccination, *influenza vaccine/dt [Drug Therapy], *influenza/dt [Drug Therapy], *influenza/pc [Prevention], Singapore, adult, article, cohort analysis, confidence interval, controlled study, drug efficacy, female, flu like syndrome, human, major clinical study, male, medical leave, observational study, prospective study, questionnaire, self report, statistical significance, university hospital","pages":"465–469","bibtex":"@article{kheok_efficacy_2008,\n\ttitle = {The efficacy of influenza vaccination in healthcare workers in a tropical setting: {A} prospective investigator blinded observational study},\n\tvolume = {37},\n\tissn = {0304-4602},\n\turl = {http://www.annals.edu.sg/PDF/37VolNo6Jun2008/V37N6p465.pdf http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=emed10&NEWS=N&AN=352070382},\n\tabstract = {Introduction: Influenza vaccine has been shown to be highly effective in temper ateregions with well-defined seasonal influenza. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are advised to receive regular influenza vaccination to protect themselves and their patients. However, there are limited data on the efficacy of influenza vaccine in HCWs in the tropics. Material(s) and Method(s): In this ob ser vational, investigator b linded cohort study, bi-monthly questionnaires recording influenzalike illness (ILI) episodes and medical leave were administered to 541 HCWs at the Singapore National University Hospital and KK Wornen's and Children's Hospital from 2004 to 2005. ILI was defined according to a standard symptom score. Result(s): Baseline characteristics were comparable in both the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups. Overall, the relative risk of self-reported ILI in vaccinated HCWs was 1.13 [95\\% confidence interval (CI), 0.98-1.13; P = 0.107]; medical leave taken was lower in the vaccinated group [mean 0.26 +/- 0.6 days per visit, compared with 0.30 +/- 0.5 days in the non-vaccinated group (P = 0.40)]. Because of the reported Northern Hemisphere 2003/04 vaccine mismatch, we stratified the cohort and determined that the group which received a matched vaccinehad arelativerisk of ILI of 0.49 (95\\% CI, 0.37-0.66; P{\\textless}0.001), achieving a vaccine efficacy of 51\\% . Mean medical leave decreased significantly in HCWs who received the matched vaccine, compared with those who did not receive vaccination (0.13 +/- 0.3 vs 0.30 +/- 0.5; P {\\textless}0.001) and with HCWs vaccinated with mismatched strains (0.13 +/- 0.3 vs 0.39 +/- 0.9; P = 0.01). Conclusion(s): A well-matched influenza vaccine is effective in preventing ILI and reducing sickness absence in healthcare workers in tropical settings. Efforts need to be made to increase influenza vaccination rates and to improve the currently available vaccines.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\tjournal = {Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore},\n\tauthor = {Kheok, S. W. and Chong, C. Y. and McCarthy, G. and Lim, W. 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