@INPROCEEDINGS{Khomh09-ICSM-DPRoles,
   AUTHOR       = {Foutse Khomh and Yann-Ga�l Gu�h�neuc and 
      Giuliano Antoniol},
   BOOKTITLE    = {Proceedings of the 25<sup>th</sup> International Conference on Software Maintenance (ICSM)},
   TITLE        = {Playing Roles in Design Patterns: An Empirical 
      Descriptive and Analytic Study},
   YEAR         = {2009},
   OPTADDRESS   = {},
   OPTCROSSREF  = {},
   EDITOR       = {Kostas Kontogiannis and Tao Xie},
   MONTH        = {September},
   NOTE         = {10 pages.},
   OPTNUMBER    = {},
   OPTORGANIZATION = {},
   PAGES        = {83--92},
   PUBLISHER    = {IEEE CS Press},
   OPTSERIES    = {},
   OPTVOLUME    = {},
   KEYWORDS     = {Topic: <b>Design patterns</b>, Venue: <c>ICSM</c>, 
      Venue: <c>ICSME</c>},
   URL          = {http://www.ptidej.net/publications/documents/ICSM09.doc.pdf},
   PDF          = {http://www.ptidej.net/publications/documents/ICSM09.ppt.pdf},
   ABSTRACT     = {This work presents a descriptive and analytic study of 
      classes playing zero, one, or two roles in six different design 
      patterns (and combinations thereof). First, we answer three research 
      questions showing that (1) playing roles in design patterns is not a 
      all-or-nothing characteristic of classes and that there are 
      significant differences among the (2) internal and (3) external 
      characteristics of classes playing zero, one, or two roles. Second, 
      we revisit a previous work on design patterns and changeability and 
      show that its results were, in a great part, due to classes playing 
      two roles. Third, we exemplify the use of the study results to 
      provide a ranking of the occurrences of the design patterns 
      identified in a program. The ranking allows developers to balance 
      precision and recall as they see fit.}
}

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