Metformin as a Treatment Strategy for Sjögren’s Syndrome

Metformin as a Treatment Strategy for Sjögren’s Syndrome. Kim, J., Kim, Y., & Park, S. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(13):7231, July, 2021.

Paper doi abstract bibtex

Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), a chronic inflammatory disease involving the salivary and lacrimal glands, presents symptoms of sicca as well as systemic manifestations such as fatigue and musculoskeletal pain. Only a few treatments have been successful in management of SS; thus treatment of the disease is challenging. Metformin is the first-line agent for type 2 diabetes and has anti-inflammatory potential. Its immunomodulatory capacity is exerted via activation of 5’ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Metformin inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I which leads to change in adenosine mono-phosphate (AMP) to adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) ratio. This results in AMPK activation and causes inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR plays an important role in T cell differentiation and mTOR deficient T cells differentiate into regulatory T cells. In this manner, metformin enhances immunoregulatory response in an individual. mTOR is responsible for B cell proliferation and germinal center (GC) differentiation. Thus, reduction of B cell differentiation into antibody-producing plasma cells occurs via downregulation of mTOR. Due to the lack of suggested treatment for SS, metformin has been considered as a treatment strategy and is expected to ameliorate salivary gland function.

@article{kim_metformin_2021,
	title = {Metformin as a {Treatment} {Strategy} for {Sjögren}’s {Syndrome}},
	volume = {22},
	issn = {1422-0067},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8269365/},
	doi = {10.3390/ijms22137231},
	abstract = {Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), a chronic inflammatory disease involving the salivary and lacrimal glands, presents symptoms of sicca as well as systemic manifestations such as fatigue and musculoskeletal pain. Only a few treatments have been successful in management of SS; thus treatment of the disease is challenging. Metformin is the first-line agent for type 2 diabetes and has anti-inflammatory potential. Its immunomodulatory capacity is exerted via activation of 5’ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Metformin inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I which leads to change in adenosine mono-phosphate (AMP) to adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) ratio. This results in AMPK activation and causes inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR plays an important role in T cell differentiation and mTOR deficient T cells differentiate into regulatory T cells. In this manner, metformin enhances immunoregulatory response in an individual. mTOR is responsible for B cell proliferation and germinal center (GC) differentiation. Thus, reduction of B cell differentiation into antibody-producing plasma cells occurs via downregulation of mTOR. Due to the lack of suggested treatment for SS, metformin has been considered as a treatment strategy and is expected to ameliorate salivary gland function.},
	number = {13},
	urldate = {2022-05-10},
	journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
	author = {Kim, Joa and Kim, Yun-Sung and Park, Sung-Hwan},
	month = jul,
	year = {2021},
	pmid = {34281285},
	pmcid = {PMC8269365},
	pages = {7231},
}

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