Regulation of flowering in the long-day grass Lolium temulentum by Gibberellins and the FLOWERING LOCUS T gene. King, R. W., Moritz, T., Evans, L. T., Martin, J., Andersen, C. H., Blundell, C., Kardailsky, I., & Chandler, P. M. Plant Physiology, 141(2):498–507, June, 2006. Place: Rockville Publisher: Amer Soc Plant Biologists WOS:000238168800025doi abstract bibtex Seasonal control of flowering often involves leaf sensing of daylength coupled to time measurement and generation and transport of florigenic signals to the shoot apex. We show that transmitted signals in the grass Lolium temulentum may include gibberellins ( GAs) and the FLOWERING LOCUS T ( FT) gene. Within 2 h of starting a florally inductive long day ( LD), expression of a 20-oxidase GA biosynthetic gene increases in the leaf; its product, GA 20, then increases 5.7-fold versus short day; its substrate, GA 19, decreases equivalently; and a bioactive product, GA 5, increases 4-fold. A link between flowering, LD, GAs, and GA biosynthesis is shown in three ways: ( 1) applied GA 19 became florigenic on exposure to LD; ( 2) expression of LtGA20ox1, an important GA biosynthetic gene, increased in a florally effective LD involving incandescent lamps, but not with noninductive fluorescent lamps; and ( 3) paclobutrazol, an inhibitor of an early step of GA biosynthesis, blocked flowering, but only if applied before the LD. Expression studies of a 2-oxidase catabolic gene showed no changes favoring a GA increase. Thus, the early LD increase in leaf GA 5 biosynthesis, coupled with subsequent doubling in GA 5 content at the shoot apex, provides a substantial trail of evidence for GA 5 as a LD florigen. LD signaling may also involve transport of FT mRNA or protein because expression of LtFT and LtCONSTANS increased rapidly, substantially (\textgreater 80-fold for FT), and independently of GA. However, because a LD from fluorescent lamps induced LtFT expression but not flowering, the nature of the light response of FT requires clarification.
@article{king_regulation_2006,
title = {Regulation of flowering in the long-day grass {Lolium} temulentum by {Gibberellins} and the {FLOWERING} {LOCUS} {T} gene},
volume = {141},
issn = {0032-0889},
doi = {10/bc3fw3},
abstract = {Seasonal control of flowering often involves leaf sensing of daylength coupled to time measurement and generation and transport of florigenic signals to the shoot apex. We show that transmitted signals in the grass Lolium temulentum may include gibberellins ( GAs) and the FLOWERING LOCUS T ( FT) gene. Within 2 h of starting a florally inductive long day ( LD), expression of a 20-oxidase GA biosynthetic gene increases in the leaf; its product, GA 20, then increases 5.7-fold versus short day; its substrate, GA 19, decreases equivalently; and a bioactive product, GA 5, increases 4-fold. A link between flowering, LD, GAs, and GA biosynthesis is shown in three ways: ( 1) applied GA 19 became florigenic on exposure to LD; ( 2) expression of LtGA20ox1, an important GA biosynthetic gene, increased in a florally effective LD involving incandescent lamps, but not with noninductive fluorescent lamps; and ( 3) paclobutrazol, an inhibitor of an early step of GA biosynthesis, blocked flowering, but only if applied before the LD. Expression studies of a 2-oxidase catabolic gene showed no changes favoring a GA increase. Thus, the early LD increase in leaf GA 5 biosynthesis, coupled with subsequent doubling in GA 5 content at the shoot apex, provides a substantial trail of evidence for GA 5 as a LD florigen. LD signaling may also involve transport of FT mRNA or protein because expression of LtFT and LtCONSTANS increased rapidly, substantially ({\textgreater} 80-fold for FT), and independently of GA. However, because a LD from fluorescent lamps induced LtFT expression but not flowering, the nature of the light response of FT requires clarification.},
language = {English},
number = {2},
journal = {Plant Physiology},
author = {King, Rod W. and Moritz, Thomas and Evans, Lloyd T. and Martin, Jerome and Andersen, Claus H. and Blundell, Cheryl and Kardailsky, Igor and Chandler, Peter M.},
month = jun,
year = {2006},
note = {Place: Rockville
Publisher: Amer Soc Plant Biologists
WOS:000238168800025},
keywords = {20-oxidase, biosynthesis, expression, in-vitro, inflorescence initiation, metabolism, molecular-cloning, photoperiod, shoot apices, stem elongation},
pages = {498--507},
}
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Within 2 h of starting a florally inductive long day ( LD), expression of a 20-oxidase GA biosynthetic gene increases in the leaf; its product, GA 20, then increases 5.7-fold versus short day; its substrate, GA 19, decreases equivalently; and a bioactive product, GA 5, increases 4-fold. A link between flowering, LD, GAs, and GA biosynthesis is shown in three ways: ( 1) applied GA 19 became florigenic on exposure to LD; ( 2) expression of LtGA20ox1, an important GA biosynthetic gene, increased in a florally effective LD involving incandescent lamps, but not with noninductive fluorescent lamps; and ( 3) paclobutrazol, an inhibitor of an early step of GA biosynthesis, blocked flowering, but only if applied before the LD. Expression studies of a 2-oxidase catabolic gene showed no changes favoring a GA increase. Thus, the early LD increase in leaf GA 5 biosynthesis, coupled with subsequent doubling in GA 5 content at the shoot apex, provides a substantial trail of evidence for GA 5 as a LD florigen. LD signaling may also involve transport of FT mRNA or protein because expression of LtFT and LtCONSTANS increased rapidly, substantially (\\textgreater 80-fold for FT), and independently of GA. 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We show that transmitted signals in the grass Lolium temulentum may include gibberellins ( GAs) and the FLOWERING LOCUS T ( FT) gene. Within 2 h of starting a florally inductive long day ( LD), expression of a 20-oxidase GA biosynthetic gene increases in the leaf; its product, GA 20, then increases 5.7-fold versus short day; its substrate, GA 19, decreases equivalently; and a bioactive product, GA 5, increases 4-fold. A link between flowering, LD, GAs, and GA biosynthesis is shown in three ways: ( 1) applied GA 19 became florigenic on exposure to LD; ( 2) expression of LtGA20ox1, an important GA biosynthetic gene, increased in a florally effective LD involving incandescent lamps, but not with noninductive fluorescent lamps; and ( 3) paclobutrazol, an inhibitor of an early step of GA biosynthesis, blocked flowering, but only if applied before the LD. Expression studies of a 2-oxidase catabolic gene showed no changes favoring a GA increase. Thus, the early LD increase in leaf GA 5 biosynthesis, coupled with subsequent doubling in GA 5 content at the shoot apex, provides a substantial trail of evidence for GA 5 as a LD florigen. LD signaling may also involve transport of FT mRNA or protein because expression of LtFT and LtCONSTANS increased rapidly, substantially ({\\textgreater} 80-fold for FT), and independently of GA. However, because a LD from fluorescent lamps induced LtFT expression but not flowering, the nature of the light response of FT requires clarification.},\n\tlanguage = {English},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Plant Physiology},\n\tauthor = {King, Rod W. and Moritz, Thomas and Evans, Lloyd T. and Martin, Jerome and Andersen, Claus H. and Blundell, Cheryl and Kardailsky, Igor and Chandler, Peter M.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2006},\n\tnote = {Place: Rockville\nPublisher: Amer Soc Plant Biologists\nWOS:000238168800025},\n\tkeywords = {20-oxidase, biosynthesis, expression, in-vitro, inflorescence initiation, metabolism, molecular-cloning, photoperiod, shoot apices, stem elongation},\n\tpages = {498--507},\n}\n\n\n\n","author_short":["King, R. W.","Moritz, T.","Evans, L. T.","Martin, J.","Andersen, C. H.","Blundell, C.","Kardailsky, I.","Chandler, P. 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