Age-dependent sex effects on outcomes after pediatric cardiac surgery. Kochilas, L., Vinocur, J., & Menk, J. J Am Heart Assoc, 3(1):e000608, February, 2014.
Age-dependent sex effects on outcomes after pediatric cardiac surgery. [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
BACKGROUND: Sex has been linked to differential outcomes for cardiovascular disease in adults. We examined potential sex differences in outcomes after pediatric cardiac surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS: We retrospectively analyzed data from the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium (1982-2007) by using logistic regression to evaluate the effects of sex on 30-day within-hospital mortality after pediatric (\textless18 years old) cardiac operations and its interaction with age, risk category, z-score for weight, and surgical year for the whole cohort. Of 76 312 operations, 55% were in boys. Unadjusted mortality was similar for boys and girls (5.2% versus 5.0%, P=0.313), but boys were more likely to have cardiac surgery as a neonate and to have more complex operations. After adjustment, the overall test of any association between postsurgical mortality and sex was significant (P=0.002), but the overall test of any interaction was not (P=0.503). However, a potential age-dependent sex effect on postsurgical mortality was observed among infants subjected to high-risk operations, with girls doing worse during the first 6 months of life. CONCLUSIONS: Patient sex has a significant effect on mortality after pediatric cardiac operations, with an increased risk of death in early infancy for girls after high-risk cardiac operations. This age-dependent relationship supports a sex-related biological effect on postoperative cardiovascular stress.
@article{kochilas_age-dependent_2014,
	title = {Age-dependent sex effects on outcomes after pediatric cardiac surgery.},
	volume = {3},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24496232},
	doi = {10.1161/JAHA.113.000608},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Sex has been linked to differential outcomes for cardiovascular disease in adults. We examined potential sex differences in outcomes after pediatric cardiac surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS: We retrospectively analyzed data from the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium (1982-2007) by using logistic regression to evaluate the effects of sex on 30-day within-hospital mortality after pediatric ({\textless}18 years old) cardiac operations and its interaction with age, risk category, z-score for weight, and surgical year for the whole cohort. Of 76 312 operations, 55\% were in boys. Unadjusted mortality was similar for boys and girls (5.2\% versus 5.0\%, P=0.313), but boys were more likely to have cardiac surgery as a neonate and to have more complex operations. After adjustment, the overall test of any association between postsurgical mortality and sex was significant (P=0.002), but the overall test of any interaction was not (P=0.503). However, a potential age-dependent sex effect on postsurgical mortality was observed among infants subjected to high-risk operations, with girls doing worse during the first 6 months of life. CONCLUSIONS: Patient sex has a significant effect on mortality after pediatric cardiac operations, with an increased risk of death in early infancy for girls after high-risk cardiac operations. This age-dependent relationship supports a sex-related biological effect on postoperative cardiovascular stress.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {J Am Heart Assoc},
	author = {Kochilas, LK and Vinocur, JM and Menk, JS},
	month = feb,
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Treatment Outcome},
	pages = {e000608}
}

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