Sulfate deprivation triggers high methane production in a disturbed and rewetted coastal peatland. Koebsch, F., Winkel, M., Liebner, S., Liu, B., Westphal, J., Schmiedinger, I., Spitzy, A., Gehre, M., Jurasinski, G., Köhler, S., Unger, V., Koch, M., Sachs, T., & Böttcher, M. E. Biogeosciences, 16(9):1937–1953, May, 2019.
Sulfate deprivation triggers high methane production in a disturbed and rewetted coastal peatland [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Abstract. In natural coastal wetlands, high supplies of marine sulfate suppress methanogenesis. Coastal wetlands are, however, often subject to disturbance by diking and drainage for agricultural use and can turn to potent methane sources when rewetted for remediation. This suggests that preceding land use measures can suspend the sulfate-related methane suppressing mechanisms. Here, we unravel the hydrological relocation and biogeochemical S and C transformation processes that induced high methane emissions in a disturbed and rewetted peatland despite former brackish impact. The underlying processes were investigated along a transect of increasing distance to the coastline using a combination of concentration patterns, stable isotope partitioning, and analysis of the microbial community structure. We found that diking and freshwater rewetting caused a distinct freshening and an efficient depletion of the brackish sulfate reservoir by dissimilatory sulfate reduction (DSR). Despite some legacy effects of brackish impact expressed as high amounts of sedimentary S and elevated electrical conductivities, contemporary metabolic processes operated mainly under sulfate-limited conditions. This opened up favorable conditions for the establishment of a prospering methanogenic community in the top 30–40 cm of peat, the structure and physiology of which resemble those of terrestrial organic-rich environments. Locally, high amounts of sulfate persisted in deeper peat layers through the inhibition of DSR, probably by competitive electron acceptors of terrestrial origin, for example Fe(III). However, as sulfate occurred only in peat layers below 30–40 cm, it did not interfere with high methane emissions on an ecosystem scale. Our results indicate that the climate effect of disturbed and remediated coastal wetlands cannot simply be derived by analogy with their natural counterparts. From a greenhouse gas perspective, the re-exposure of diked wetlands to natural coastal dynamics would literally open up the floodgates for a replenishment of the marine sulfate pool and therefore constitute an efficient measure to reduce methane emissions.
@article{koebsch_sulfate_2019,
	title = {Sulfate deprivation triggers high methane production in a disturbed and rewetted coastal peatland},
	volume = {16},
	issn = {1726-4189},
	url = {https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/16/1937/2019/},
	doi = {10.5194/bg-16-1937-2019},
	abstract = {Abstract. In natural coastal wetlands, high supplies of marine
sulfate suppress methanogenesis. Coastal wetlands are, however, often
subject to disturbance by diking and drainage for agricultural use and can
turn to potent methane sources when rewetted for remediation. This suggests
that preceding land use measures can suspend the sulfate-related methane
suppressing mechanisms. Here, we unravel the hydrological relocation and
biogeochemical S and C transformation processes that induced high methane
emissions in a disturbed and rewetted peatland despite former brackish
impact. The underlying processes were investigated along a transect of
increasing distance to the coastline using a combination of concentration
patterns, stable isotope partitioning, and analysis of the microbial
community structure. We found that diking and freshwater rewetting caused a
distinct freshening and an efficient depletion of the brackish sulfate
reservoir by dissimilatory sulfate reduction (DSR). Despite some legacy
effects of brackish impact expressed as high amounts of sedimentary S and
elevated electrical conductivities, contemporary metabolic processes
operated mainly under sulfate-limited conditions. This opened up favorable
conditions for the establishment of a prospering methanogenic community in
the top 30–40 cm of peat, the structure and physiology of which resemble
those of terrestrial organic-rich environments. Locally, high amounts of
sulfate persisted in deeper peat layers through the inhibition of DSR,
probably by competitive electron acceptors of terrestrial origin, for
example Fe(III). However, as sulfate occurred only in peat layers below
30–40 cm, it did not interfere with high methane emissions on an ecosystem
scale. Our results indicate that the climate effect of disturbed and
remediated coastal wetlands cannot simply be derived by analogy with their
natural counterparts. From a greenhouse gas perspective, the re-exposure of
diked wetlands to natural coastal dynamics would literally open up the
floodgates for a replenishment of the marine sulfate pool and therefore
constitute an efficient measure to reduce methane emissions.},
	language = {en},
	number = {9},
	urldate = {2022-11-17},
	journal = {Biogeosciences},
	author = {Koebsch, Franziska and Winkel, Matthias and Liebner, Susanne and Liu, Bo and Westphal, Julia and Schmiedinger, Iris and Spitzy, Alejandro and Gehre, Matthias and Jurasinski, Gerald and Köhler, Stefan and Unger, Viktoria and Koch, Marian and Sachs, Torsten and Böttcher, Michael E.},
	month = may,
	year = {2019},
	pages = {1937--1953},
}
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