@article{
 title = {Impact of transgenic oilseed rape expressing oryzacystatin-1 (OC-1) and of insecticidal proteins on longevity and digestive enzymes of the solitary bee Osmia bicornis},
 type = {article},
 year = {2009},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ab,Digestive proteinase profiles,Kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI),Risk assessment,Snowdrop lectin (GNA)},
 pages = {305-313},
 volume = {55},
 websites = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T3F-4VGDNWS-1/2/e677e0dab9819e664dd5506b025efa52},
 id = {f1e996d1-5d22-3c61-9032-34f75ea82613},
 created = {2012-01-05T13:06:22.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {1a467167-0a41-3583-a6a3-034c31031332},
 group_id = {0e532975-1a47-38a4-ace8-4fe5968bcd72},
 last_modified = {2012-01-05T13:14:27.000Z},
 tags = {environmental,habitat,insect resistant canola,non-target},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 abstract = {The risk that insect-resistant transgenic plants may pose for solitary bees was assessed by determining longevity of adult Osmia bicornis (O. rufa) chronically exposed to transgenic oilseed rape expressing oryzacystatin-1 (OC-1) or to the purified insecticidal proteins recombinant rOC-1, Kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI), Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA), or Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ab dissolved in sugar solution (at 0.01 and 0.1%, w:v, Cry1Ab only at 0.01%). Compared to control bees, longevity was significantly reduced by SBTI and GNA at both concentrations and by rOC-1 at 0.1%, but not by Cry1Ab or rOC-1 at 0.01%. Longevity on the OC-1 oilseed rape was not significantly different from the control plants. The effects of SBTI and rOC-1 on longevity were investigated through characterization of the digestive proteinases of O. bicornis and analysis of the response in proteinase profiles to ingestion of these proteinase inhibitors. A relatively complex profile of at least four types of soluble proteolytic enzymes was identified. Serine proteinases were found to be predominant, with metallo and especially cysteine proteinases making a smaller albeit significant contribution. The compensatory response to in vivo enzyme inhibition was similar for SBTI and rOC-1 although less pronounced for rOC-1. It consisted of a non-specific overproduction of native proteinases, both sensitive and insensitive, and the induction of a novel aspartic proteinase.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Konrad, Roger and Connor, Melanie and Ferry, Natalie and Gatehouse, Angharad M R and Babendreier, Dirk},
 journal = {Journal of Insect Physiology},
 number = {4}
}

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Compared to control bees, longevity was significantly reduced by SBTI and GNA at both concentrations and by rOC-1 at 0.1%, but not by Cry1Ab or rOC-1 at 0.01%. Longevity on the OC-1 oilseed rape was not significantly different from the control plants. The effects of SBTI and rOC-1 on longevity were investigated through characterization of the digestive proteinases of O. bicornis and analysis of the response in proteinase profiles to ingestion of these proteinase inhibitors. A relatively complex profile of at least four types of soluble proteolytic enzymes was identified. Serine proteinases were found to be predominant, with metallo and especially cysteine proteinases making a smaller albeit significant contribution. The compensatory response to in vivo enzyme inhibition was similar for SBTI and rOC-1 although less pronounced for rOC-1. It consisted of a non-specific overproduction of native proteinases, both sensitive and insensitive, and the induction of a novel aspartic proteinase.","bibtype":"article","author":"Konrad, Roger and Connor, Melanie and Ferry, Natalie and Gatehouse, Angharad M R and Babendreier, Dirk","journal":"Journal of Insect Physiology","number":"4","bibtex":"@article{\n title = {Impact of transgenic oilseed rape expressing oryzacystatin-1 (OC-1) and of insecticidal proteins on longevity and digestive enzymes of the solitary bee Osmia bicornis},\n type = {article},\n year = {2009},\n identifiers = {[object Object]},\n keywords = {Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ab,Digestive proteinase profiles,Kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI),Risk assessment,Snowdrop lectin (GNA)},\n pages = {305-313},\n volume = {55},\n websites = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T3F-4VGDNWS-1/2/e677e0dab9819e664dd5506b025efa52},\n id = {f1e996d1-5d22-3c61-9032-34f75ea82613},\n created = {2012-01-05T13:06:22.000Z},\n file_attached = {false},\n profile_id = {1a467167-0a41-3583-a6a3-034c31031332},\n group_id = {0e532975-1a47-38a4-ace8-4fe5968bcd72},\n last_modified = {2012-01-05T13:14:27.000Z},\n tags = {environmental,habitat,insect resistant canola,non-target},\n read = {false},\n starred = {false},\n authored = {false},\n confirmed = {true},\n hidden = {false},\n source_type = {Journal Article},\n abstract = {The risk that insect-resistant transgenic plants may pose for solitary bees was assessed by determining longevity of adult Osmia bicornis (O. rufa) chronically exposed to transgenic oilseed rape expressing oryzacystatin-1 (OC-1) or to the purified insecticidal proteins recombinant rOC-1, Kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI), Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA), or Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ab dissolved in sugar solution (at 0.01 and 0.1%, w:v, Cry1Ab only at 0.01%). 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