Real-time chemical composition analysis of particulate emissions from woodchip combustion. Kortelainen, A., Joutsensaari, J., Hao, L., Leskinen, J., Tiitta, P., Jaatinen, A., Miettinen, P., Sippula, O., Torvela, T., Tissari, J., Jokiniemi, J., Worsnop, D., R., Smith, J., N., Laaksonen, A., & Virtanen, A. Energy and Fuels, 29(2):1143-1150, 2015.
Real-time chemical composition analysis of particulate emissions from woodchip combustion [link]Website  doi  abstract   bibtex   1 download  
Residential wood combustion is one of the major sources of fine particles. The chemical composition of the particles plays a key role in both adverse health and environmental effects. It is important to understand how chemical composition of particulate emissions varies during different combustion processes and conditions. In this work, combustion of wood chips was studied in a moving step-grate burner in different combustion conditions (efficient, intermediate, and smoldering) in the laboratory. The particulate emissions were measured with an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-TOF-AMS). It was found that two phases were occurring frequently in the intermediate and smoldering combustion. Phase 1 took place when gaseous carbon monoxide (CO) was rapidly increasing after the new fuel addition. Phase 2 was a stable, burn-out period with low CO emissions until the new fuel addition and automatic removal of fuel leftovers from the grate. The analysis on the organic aerosol by positive matrix factorization (PMF) extracted out five factors: hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA), low-volatile-oxidized organic aerosol (LV-OOA), biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA), and two additional factors of "polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) factor" and "aromatic factor". PAH and LV-OOA were found to be forming mainly during phase 1. HOA showed similar behavior as a PAH factor and LV-OOA in a time series. BBOA was consistent with levoglucosan formation during the combustion and became higher during phase 2. The aromatic factor was mainly composed of fragment ions of n-butyl benzenesulfonamide compound, which was observed in both phases. To our knowledge, this is the first work to report the particulate organics of combustion aerosols and PAH distinguished by PMF. The results prove that the particulate organic emissions can be reduced efficiently when keeping combustion efficiency high. This may help in targeting the efforts on emission reduction better in the future.
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 title = {Real-time chemical composition analysis of particulate emissions from woodchip combustion},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 keywords = {aerosol,aerosol mass-spectrometer positive matrix factoriz,aki-matti,and it was in,chemical composition,combustion,fi,for example c 6,h 5,in incomplete,kortelainen,presenting author email,species,the background,throughout the combustion experiment,uef},
 pages = {1143-1150},
 volume = {29},
 websites = {http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef5019548},
 city = {[Kortelainen, Aki; Joutsensaari, Jorma; Hao, Liqing; Jaatinen, Antti; Miettinen, Pasi; Worsnop, Douglas R.; Smith, James N.; Laaksonen, Ari; Virtanen, Annele] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Appl Phys, Kuopio 70211, Finland. [Leskinen, Jani; Tiitta, Petri; Sip},
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 notes = {<b>From Duplicate 1 (<i>Real-time chemical composition analysis of particulate emissions from woodchip combustion</i> - Kortelainen, Aki; Joutsensaari, Jorma; Hao, Liqing; Leskinen, Jani; Tiitta, Petri; Jaatinen, Antti; Miettinen, Pasi; Sippula, Olli; Torvela, Tiina; Tissari, Jarkko; Jokiniemi, Jorma; Worsnop, Douglas R.; Smith, James N.; Laaksonen, Ari; Virtanen, Annele)<br/></b><br/><b>From Duplicate 1 (<i>Real-time chemical composition analysis of particulate emissions from woodchip combustion</i> - Kortelainen, Aki; Joutsensaari, Jorma; Hao, Liqing; Leskinen, Jani; Tiitta, Petri; Jaatinen, Antti; Miettinen, Pasi; Sippula, Olli; Torvela, Tiina; Tissari, Jarkko; Jokiniemi, Jorma; Worsnop, Douglas R.; Smith, James N.; Laaksonen, Ari; Virtanen, Annele)<br/></b><br/>ISI Document Delivery No.: CB9HT<br/>Times Cited: 4<br/>Cited Reference Count: 39<br/>Kortelainen, Aki Joutsensaari, Jorma Hao, Liqing Leskinen, Jani Tiitta, Petri Jaatinen, Antti Miettinen, Pasi Sippula, Olli Torvela, Tiina Tissari, Jarkko Jokiniemi, Jorma Worsnop, Douglas R. Smith, James N. Laaksonen, Ari Virtanen, Annele<br/>Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence Program [1118615]; ERA-NET Bioenergy BioHealth Project [40392/09, dnro 1262/31/09]; UEF Postdoc Research Foundation [930275]<br/>The financial support by the Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence Program (Project 1118615) and the ERA-NET Bioenergy BioHealth Project (Grant Agreement 40392/09, dnro 1262/31/09) is gratefully acknowledged. Liqing Hao acknowledges the financial support of the UEF Postdoc Research Foundation (930275).<br/>Amer chemical soc<br/>Washington<br/><br/><b>From Duplicate 2 (<i>Real-time chemical composition analysis of particulate emissions from woodchip combustion</i> - Kortelainen, Aki; Joutsensaari, Jorma; Hao, Liqing; Leskinen, Jani; Tiitta, Petri; Jaatinen, Antti; Miettinen, Pasi; Sippula, Olli; Torvela, Tiina; Tissari, Jarkko; Jokiniemi, Jorma; Worsnop, Douglas R.; Smith, James N.; Laaksonen, Ari; Virtanen, Annele)<br/></b><br/>Times Cited: 0 Virtanen, Annele/E-7699-2010; Laaksonen, Ari/B-5094-2011; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009 Virtanen, Annele/0000-0002-2917-5344; Laaksonen, Ari/0000-0002-1657-2383; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017 0 1520-5029<br/><br/><b>From Duplicate 2 (<i>Real-time chemical composition analysis of particulate emissions from woodchip combustion</i> - Kortelainen, Aki; Joutsensaari, Jorma; Hao, Liqing; Leskinen, Jani; Tiitta, Petri; Jaatinen, Antti; Miettinen, Pasi; Sippula, Olli; Torvela, Tiina; Tissari, Jarkko; Jokiniemi, Jorma; Worsnop, Douglas R.; Smith, James N.; Laaksonen, Ari; Virtanen, Annele)<br/></b><br/>Times Cited: 0 Virtanen, Annele/E-7699-2010; Laaksonen, Ari/B-5094-2011; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009 Virtanen, Annele/0000-0002-2917-5344; Laaksonen, Ari/0000-0002-1657-2383; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017 0 1520-5029},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Residential wood combustion is one of the major sources of fine particles. The chemical composition of the particles plays a key role in both adverse health and environmental effects. It is important to understand how chemical composition of particulate emissions varies during different combustion processes and conditions. In this work, combustion of wood chips was studied in a moving step-grate burner in different combustion conditions (efficient, intermediate, and smoldering) in the laboratory. The particulate emissions were measured with an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-TOF-AMS). It was found that two phases were occurring frequently in the intermediate and smoldering combustion. Phase 1 took place when gaseous carbon monoxide (CO) was rapidly increasing after the new fuel addition. Phase 2 was a stable, burn-out period with low CO emissions until the new fuel addition and automatic removal of fuel leftovers from the grate. The analysis on the organic aerosol by positive matrix factorization (PMF) extracted out five factors: hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA), low-volatile-oxidized organic aerosol (LV-OOA), biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA), and two additional factors of "polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) factor" and "aromatic factor". PAH and LV-OOA were found to be forming mainly during phase 1. HOA showed similar behavior as a PAH factor and LV-OOA in a time series. BBOA was consistent with levoglucosan formation during the combustion and became higher during phase 2. The aromatic factor was mainly composed of fragment ions of n-butyl benzenesulfonamide compound, which was observed in both phases. To our knowledge, this is the first work to report the particulate organics of combustion aerosols and PAH distinguished by PMF. The results prove that the particulate organic emissions can be reduced efficiently when keeping combustion efficiency high. This may help in targeting the efforts on emission reduction better in the future.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Kortelainen, Aki and Joutsensaari, Jorma and Hao, Liqing and Leskinen, Jani and Tiitta, Petri and Jaatinen, Antti and Miettinen, Pasi and Sippula, Olli and Torvela, Tiina and Tissari, Jarkko and Jokiniemi, Jorma and Worsnop, Douglas R. and Smith, James N. and Laaksonen, Ari and Virtanen, Annele},
 doi = {10.1021/ef5019548},
 journal = {Energy and Fuels},
 number = {2}
}
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