@article{kroese_assessing_2005,
	title = {Assessing the accuracy of a computerized decision support system for digoxin dosing in primary care: an observational study},
	volume = {30},
	issn = {0269-4727},
	shorttitle = {Assessing the accuracy of a computerized decision support system for digoxin dosing in primary care},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2710.2005.00650.x},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: This study was carried out as part of a European Union funded project (PharmDIS-e+), to develop and evaluate software aimed at assisting physicians with drug dosing. A drug that causes particular problems with drug dosing in primary care is digoxin because of its narrow therapeutic range and low therapeutic index.
OBJECTIVES: To determine (i) accuracy of the PharmDIS-e+ software for predicting serum digoxin levels in patients who are taking this drug regularly; (ii) whether there are statistically significant differences between predicted digoxin levels and those measured by a laboratory and (iii) whether there are differences between doses prescribed by general practitioners and those suggested by the program.
METHODS: We needed 45 patients to have 95\% Power to reject the null hypothesis that the mean serum digoxin concentration was within 10\% of the mean predicted digoxin concentration. Patients were recruited from two general practices and had been taking digoxin for at least 4 months. Exclusion criteria were dementia, low adherence to digoxin and use of other medications known to interact to a clinically important extent with digoxin.
RESULTS: Forty-five patients were recruited. There was a correlation of 0.65 between measured and predicted digoxin concentrations (P {\textless} 0.001). The mean difference was 0.12 microg/L (SD 0.26; 95\% CI 0.04, 0.19, P = 0.005). Forty-seven per cent of the patients were prescribed the same dose as recommended by the software, 44\% were prescribed a higher dose and 9\% a lower dose than recommended.
CONCLUSION: PharmDIS-e+ software was able to predict serum digoxin levels with acceptable accuracy in most patients.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics},
	author = {Kroese, W. L. G. and Avery, A. J. and Savelyich, B. S. P. and Brown, N. S. and Schers, H. and Howard, R. and Hippisley-Cox, J. and Horsfield, P.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2005},
	pmid = {15896246},
	keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cardiotonic Agents, Decision Support Systems, Clinical, Digoxin, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Primary Health Care, Software Validation},
	pages = {279--283}
}

{"_id":"FhjYmvnfT6Hze4EkC","bibbaseid":"kroese-avery-savelyich-brown-schers-howard-hippisleycox-horsfield-assessingtheaccuracyofacomputerizeddecisionsupportsystemfordigoxindosinginprimarycareanobservationalstudy-2005","downloads":0,"creationDate":"2017-08-15T09:38:10.297Z","title":"Assessing the accuracy of a computerized decision support system for digoxin dosing in primary care: an observational study","author_short":["Kroese, W. L. G.","Avery, A. J.","Savelyich, B. S. P.","Brown, N. S.","Schers, H.","Howard, R.","Hippisley-Cox, J.","Horsfield, P."],"year":2005,"bibtype":"article","biburl":"http://bibbase.org/zotero/veegee78","bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"Assessing the accuracy of a computerized decision support system for digoxin dosing in primary care: an observational study","volume":"30","issn":"0269-4727","shorttitle":"Assessing the accuracy of a computerized decision support system for digoxin dosing in primary care","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2710.2005.00650.x","abstract":"BACKGROUND: This study was carried out as part of a European Union funded project (PharmDIS-e+), to develop and evaluate software aimed at assisting physicians with drug dosing. A drug that causes particular problems with drug dosing in primary care is digoxin because of its narrow therapeutic range and low therapeutic index. OBJECTIVES: To determine (i) accuracy of the PharmDIS-e+ software for predicting serum digoxin levels in patients who are taking this drug regularly; (ii) whether there are statistically significant differences between predicted digoxin levels and those measured by a laboratory and (iii) whether there are differences between doses prescribed by general practitioners and those suggested by the program. METHODS: We needed 45 patients to have 95% Power to reject the null hypothesis that the mean serum digoxin concentration was within 10% of the mean predicted digoxin concentration. Patients were recruited from two general practices and had been taking digoxin for at least 4 months. Exclusion criteria were dementia, low adherence to digoxin and use of other medications known to interact to a clinically important extent with digoxin. RESULTS: Forty-five patients were recruited. There was a correlation of 0.65 between measured and predicted digoxin concentrations (P \\textless 0.001). The mean difference was 0.12 microg/L (SD 0.26; 95% CI 0.04, 0.19, P = 0.005). Forty-seven per cent of the patients were prescribed the same dose as recommended by the software, 44% were prescribed a higher dose and 9% a lower dose than recommended. CONCLUSION: PharmDIS-e+ software was able to predict serum digoxin levels with acceptable accuracy in most patients.","language":"eng","number":"3","journal":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Kroese"],"firstnames":["W.","L.","G."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Avery"],"firstnames":["A.","J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Savelyich"],"firstnames":["B.","S.","P."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Brown"],"firstnames":["N.","S."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Schers"],"firstnames":["H."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Howard"],"firstnames":["R."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Hippisley-Cox"],"firstnames":["J."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Horsfield"],"firstnames":["P."],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"June","year":"2005","pmid":"15896246","keywords":"Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cardiotonic Agents, Decision Support Systems, Clinical, Digoxin, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Primary Health Care, Software Validation","pages":"279--283","bibtex":"@article{kroese_assessing_2005,\n\ttitle = {Assessing the accuracy of a computerized decision support system for digoxin dosing in primary care: an observational study},\n\tvolume = {30},\n\tissn = {0269-4727},\n\tshorttitle = {Assessing the accuracy of a computerized decision support system for digoxin dosing in primary care},\n\tdoi = {10.1111/j.1365-2710.2005.00650.x},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND: This study was carried out as part of a European Union funded project (PharmDIS-e+), to develop and evaluate software aimed at assisting physicians with drug dosing. A drug that causes particular problems with drug dosing in primary care is digoxin because of its narrow therapeutic range and low therapeutic index.\nOBJECTIVES: To determine (i) accuracy of the PharmDIS-e+ software for predicting serum digoxin levels in patients who are taking this drug regularly; (ii) whether there are statistically significant differences between predicted digoxin levels and those measured by a laboratory and (iii) whether there are differences between doses prescribed by general practitioners and those suggested by the program.\nMETHODS: We needed 45 patients to have 95\\% Power to reject the null hypothesis that the mean serum digoxin concentration was within 10\\% of the mean predicted digoxin concentration. Patients were recruited from two general practices and had been taking digoxin for at least 4 months. Exclusion criteria were dementia, low adherence to digoxin and use of other medications known to interact to a clinically important extent with digoxin.\nRESULTS: Forty-five patients were recruited. There was a correlation of 0.65 between measured and predicted digoxin concentrations (P {\\textless} 0.001). The mean difference was 0.12 microg/L (SD 0.26; 95\\% CI 0.04, 0.19, P = 0.005). Forty-seven per cent of the patients were prescribed the same dose as recommended by the software, 44\\% were prescribed a higher dose and 9\\% a lower dose than recommended.\nCONCLUSION: PharmDIS-e+ software was able to predict serum digoxin levels with acceptable accuracy in most patients.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {3},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics},\n\tauthor = {Kroese, W. L. G. and Avery, A. J. and Savelyich, B. S. P. and Brown, N. S. and Schers, H. and Howard, R. and Hippisley-Cox, J. and Horsfield, P.},\n\tmonth = jun,\n\tyear = {2005},\n\tpmid = {15896246},\n\tkeywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cardiotonic Agents, Decision Support Systems, Clinical, Digoxin, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Primary Health Care, Software Validation},\n\tpages = {279--283}\n}\n\n","author_short":["Kroese, W. L. G.","Avery, A. J.","Savelyich, B. S. P.","Brown, N. 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