Middle category endorsement in odd-numbered Likert response scales: Associated item characteristics, cognitive demands, and preferred meanings. Kulas, J. T. & Stachowski, A. A. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(3):489 – 493, 2009.
Paper doi abstract bibtex Although typically scored as indicating moderate or neutral trait standing, personality assessment respondents endorse the Likert-scale middle response category for a variety of reasons. Through the application of a cognitive processing model and an item characteristic orientation, middle category endorsements were found to exhibit a relatively high response latency, an “it depends” connotation, and a strong, negative relationship with item clarity. These general associations stress the importance of retaining unambiguous items for trait identification but also offer a tool to the personality assessment researcher – investigating the number of elicited middle category endorsements to identify trait indicators in possible need of contextualization.
@article{kulas_middle_2009,
title = {Middle category endorsement in odd-numbered {Likert} response scales: {Associated} item characteristics, cognitive demands, and preferred meanings},
volume = {43},
issn = {0092-6566},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092656608001645},
doi = {10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.005},
abstract = {Although typically scored as indicating moderate or neutral trait standing, personality assessment respondents endorse the Likert-scale middle response category for a variety of reasons. Through the application of a cognitive processing model and an item characteristic orientation, middle category endorsements were found to exhibit a relatively high response latency, an “it depends” connotation, and a strong, negative relationship with item clarity. These general associations stress the importance of retaining unambiguous items for trait identification but also offer a tool to the personality assessment researcher – investigating the number of elicited middle category endorsements to identify trait indicators in possible need of contextualization.},
number = {3},
journal = {Journal of Research in Personality},
author = {Kulas, John T. and Stachowski, Alicia A.},
year = {2009},
keywords = {\#nosource},
pages = {489 -- 493},
}
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