Reading polymorphemic Dutch compounds: toward a multiple route model of lexical processing. Kuperman, V., Schreuder, R., Bertram, R., & Baayen, R. H. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform, 35(3):876-95, 2009.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
This article reports an eye-tracking experiment with 2,500 polymorphemic Dutch compounds presented in isolation for visual lexical decision while readers' eye movements were registered. The authors found evidence that both full forms of compounds (dishwasher) and their constituent morphemes (e.g., dish, washer) and morphological families of constituents (sets of compounds with a shared constituent) played a role in compound processing. They observed simultaneous effects of compound frequency, left constituent frequency, and family size early (i.e., before the whole compound has been scanned) and also observed effects of right constituent frequency and family size that emerged after the compound frequency effect. The temporal order of these and other observed effects goes against assumptions of many models of lexical processing. The authors propose specifications for a new multiple-route model of polymorphemic compound processing that is based on time-locked, parallel, and interactive use of all morphological cues as soon as they become even partly available to the visual uptake system.
@Article{Kuperman2009,
  author   = {Victor Kuperman and Robert Schreuder and Raymond Bertram and R. Harald Baayen},
  journal  = {J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform},
  title    = {Reading polymorphemic {D}utch compounds: toward a multiple route model of lexical processing.},
  year     = {2009},
  number   = {3},
  pages    = {876-95},
  volume   = {35},
  abstract = {This article reports an eye-tracking experiment with 2,500 polymorphemic
	Dutch compounds presented in isolation for visual lexical decision
	while readers' eye movements were registered. The authors found evidence
	that both full forms of compounds (dishwasher) and their constituent
	morphemes (e.g., dish, washer) and morphological families of constituents
	(sets of compounds with a shared constituent) played a role in compound
	processing. They observed simultaneous effects of compound frequency,
	left constituent frequency, and family size early (i.e., before the
	whole compound has been scanned) and also observed effects of right
	constituent frequency and family size that emerged after the compound
	frequency effect. The temporal order of these and other observed
	effects goes against assumptions of many models of lexical processing.
	The authors propose specifications for a new multiple-route model
	of polymorphemic compound processing that is based on time-locked,
	parallel, and interactive use of all morphological cues as soon as
	they become even partly available to the visual uptake system.},
  doi      = {10.1037/a0013484},
  keywords = {Attention, Comprehension, Decision Making, Eye Movements, Female, Humans, Language, Male, Models, Netherlands, Orientation, Phonetics, Psychological, Reaction Time, Reading, Semantics, 19485697},
}

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