Close encounters among flying locusts produce wing-beat coupling

Close encounters among flying locusts produce wing-beat coupling. Kutsch, W, Camhi, J, & Sumbre, G Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 174(5):643–649, May, 1994.

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Any flying animal leaves behind a wake of turbulent air. Thus, a closely tailing neighbor may be buffeted by complex aerodynamic forces. We report here that pairs of tethered locusts (Locusta migratoria) flying in tandem in a wind tunnel, couple their wing-beats to one another.Wind-receptive hairs on the rear partner's head provide the main sensory input that produces the coupling. The phase angle of coupling depends upon the distance between the individuals. By phase-coupling to a forward neighbor's wake, a locust may turn this turbulence to its own aerodynamic advantage. Moreover, within a large swarm local groups of locusts may fly in a functionally integrated manner.

@article{kutsch_close_1994,
	title = {Close encounters among flying locusts produce wing-beat coupling},
	volume = {174},
	copyright = {CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication},
	issn = {0340-7594},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF00217385},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00217385},
	abstract = {Any flying animal leaves behind a wake of turbulent air. Thus, a closely tailing neighbor may be buffeted by complex aerodynamic forces. We report here that pairs of tethered locusts (Locusta migratoria) flying in tandem in a wind tunnel, couple their wing-beats to one another.Wind-receptive hairs on the rear partner's head provide the main sensory input that produces the coupling. The phase angle of coupling depends upon the distance between the individuals. By phase-coupling to a forward neighbor's wake, a locust may turn this turbulence to its own aerodynamic advantage. Moreover, within a large swarm local groups of locusts may fly in a functionally integrated manner.},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Journal of Comparative Physiology A},
	author = {Kutsch, W and Camhi, J and Sumbre, G},
	month = may,
	year = {1994},
	pages = {643--649},
}

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