The ‘side effects’ of medicalization: A meta-analytic review of how biogenetic explanations affect stigma

The ‘side effects’ of medicalization: A meta-analytic review of how biogenetic explanations affect stigma. Kvaale, E. P., Haslam, N., & Gottdiener, W. H. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(6):782–794, August, 2013. ZSCC: 0000286

Paper doi abstract bibtex

Reducing stigma is crucial for facilitating recovery from psychological problems. Viewing these problems biomedically may reduce the tendency to blame affected persons, but critics have cautioned that it could also increase other facets of stigma. We report on the ﬁrst meta-analytic review of the effects of biogenetic explanations on stigma. A comprehensive search yielded 28 eligible experimental studies. Four separate meta-analyses (Ns = 1207–3469) assessed the effects of biogenetic explanations on blame, perceived dangerousness, social distance, and prognostic pessimism. We found that biogenetic explanations reduce blame (Hedges g = − 0.324) but induce pessimism (Hedges g = 0.263). We also found that biogenetic explanations increase endorsement of the stereotype that people with psychological problems are dangerous (Hedges g = 0.198), although this result could reﬂect publication bias. Finally, we found that biogenetic explanations do not typically affect social distance. Promoting biogenetic explanations to alleviate blame may induce pessimism and set the stage for self-fulﬁlling prophecies that could hamper recovery from psychological problems.

@article{kvaale_side_2013,
	title = {The ‘side effects’ of medicalization: {A} meta-analytic review of how biogenetic explanations affect stigma},
	volume = {33},
	issn = {02727358},
	shorttitle = {The ‘side effects’ of medicalization},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0272735813000883},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cpr.2013.06.002},
	abstract = {Reducing stigma is crucial for facilitating recovery from psychological problems. Viewing these problems biomedically may reduce the tendency to blame affected persons, but critics have cautioned that it could also increase other facets of stigma. We report on the ﬁrst meta-analytic review of the effects of biogenetic explanations on stigma. A comprehensive search yielded 28 eligible experimental studies. Four separate meta-analyses (Ns = 1207–3469) assessed the effects of biogenetic explanations on blame, perceived dangerousness, social distance, and prognostic pessimism. We found that biogenetic explanations reduce blame (Hedges g = − 0.324) but induce pessimism (Hedges g = 0.263). We also found that biogenetic explanations increase endorsement of the stereotype that people with psychological problems are dangerous (Hedges g = 0.198), although this result could reﬂect publication bias. Finally, we found that biogenetic explanations do not typically affect social distance. Promoting biogenetic explanations to alleviate blame may induce pessimism and set the stage for self-fulﬁlling prophecies that could hamper recovery from psychological problems.},
	language = {en},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2020-04-02},
	journal = {Clinical Psychology Review},
	author = {Kvaale, Erlend P. and Haslam, Nick and Gottdiener, William H.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2013},
	note = {ZSCC: 0000286},
	pages = {782--794},
}

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