@article{lacher_elektrophysiologische_1964,
	title = {Elektrophysiologische {Untersuchungen} an einzelnen {Rezeptoren} für {Geruch}, {Kohlendioxyd}, {Luftfeuchtigkeit} und {Tempratur} auf den {Antennen} der {Arbeitsbiene} und der {Drohne} (\textit{{Apis} mellifica {L}.})},
	volume = {48},
	issn = {0044-362x, 1432-1351},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00333743},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00333743},
	abstract = {SummaryThe antennal sense organs of the honey bee worker and drone were investigated morphologically and electrophysiologically.1.The sensilla of the antennae of the worker can be classified into nine morphologically distinct types. Light microscopical investigation of these sense organs of both worker and drone revealed no principle sexual difference in structure. The distribution of these sensilla types is described for the worker and the drone. 2.Electrical activity from cuticle sense organs was recorded extracellularly with microelectrodes which penetrated the antennal surface under optical control. The antenna remained in connection with the living animal. A new type of Olfactometer was used to present the stimuli of various aromatic odors, CO2-air mixtures, and air of different relative humidities. Heat emission from a regulated, low voltage lamp was used as a source of temperature stimulation. 3.The electrophysiological reactions of corresponding morphological sensory types are similar for the worker and the drone. Each of the investigated receptor types is specialized for only one stimulus modality, although some types show an additional temperature dependence at resting activity. 4.The plate organs (Sensilla placodea) of the worker and the drone are olfactory receptors. They show a resting activity. The sensory cells under stimulation with various odorous substances generally show a phasic-tonic frequency response, but in a few cases, a pure phasic response. Reactions to repetitive and continuous stimuli by chiefly aromatic flowery odors are described. The resting activity of these chemoreceptors decreases with increasing temperature. The receptors show a wide reaction spectrum. The spectra of the individual cells differ from one another but there is a considerable amount of overlap. Different receptors under stimulation with homologous series of substances (aldehydes, C 10 to C 18, fatty acids from C 3 to C 7) show different reaction spectra. 5.Many pit pegs (identification as S. ampullacea or S. coeloconica uncertain) are CO2 receptors in both worker and drone. Under CO2 stimulation they respond phasic-tonically. The height of the reaction, in both the phasic and tonic portion of the response, is approximately a logarithmic function of the stimulus intensity. Reactions to repetitive and continuous stimuli and the narcotic effects of pure CO2 were investigated. In addition, the receptors show a resting activity which increases with increasing temperature. 6.Many pit pegs (identification as S. ampullacea or S. coeloconica uncertain) in the worker and the drone are hygroreceptors. Each stepwise increase in humidity causes a phasic-tonic frequency response. In some cases, under stimulation with dried air, the nerve impulses disappear. The height of the excitation plateau increases approximately linearly with increasing relative and absolute humidity at constant temperature. 7.The pit pegs are also temperature receptors in both the worker and the drone. They react with a phasic-tonical increase of impulse frequency to a sudden decrease in temperature, whereas an increasing temperature causes a decrease in the stationary plateau of the receptors. Therefore, these pit pegs have to be classified as cold receptors. The impulse activity is generally abolished at 40–15° C. 8.Both the small, thick-walled hairs and the thick-walled pegs (Sensilla trichodea) of the worker respond to mechanical stimulation with a phasic increase of their impulse frequency.},
	language = {de},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2017-10-26},
	journal = {Zeitschrift für vergleichende Physiologie},
	author = {Lacher, Veit},
	month = nov,
	year = {1964},
	pages = {587--623}
}

{"_id":"iABgkMJ2ZaMXWCe4C","bibbaseid":"lacher-elektrophysiologischeuntersuchungenaneinzelnenrezeptorenfrgeruchkohlendioxydluftfeuchtigkeitundtempraturaufdenantennenderarbeitsbieneundderdrohneiapismellificali-1964","authorIDs":[],"author_short":["Lacher, V."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"Elektrophysiologische Untersuchungen an einzelnen Rezeptoren für Geruch, Kohlendioxyd, Luftfeuchtigkeit und Tempratur auf den Antennen der Arbeitsbiene und der Drohne (<i>Apis mellifica L.</i>)","volume":"48","issn":"0044-362x, 1432-1351","url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00333743","doi":"10.1007/BF00333743","abstract":"SummaryThe antennal sense organs of the honey bee worker and drone were investigated morphologically and electrophysiologically.1.The sensilla of the antennae of the worker can be classified into nine morphologically distinct types. Light microscopical investigation of these sense organs of both worker and drone revealed no principle sexual difference in structure. The distribution of these sensilla types is described for the worker and the drone. 2.Electrical activity from cuticle sense organs was recorded extracellularly with microelectrodes which penetrated the antennal surface under optical control. The antenna remained in connection with the living animal. A new type of Olfactometer was used to present the stimuli of various aromatic odors, CO2-air mixtures, and air of different relative humidities. Heat emission from a regulated, low voltage lamp was used as a source of temperature stimulation. 3.The electrophysiological reactions of corresponding morphological sensory types are similar for the worker and the drone. Each of the investigated receptor types is specialized for only one stimulus modality, although some types show an additional temperature dependence at resting activity. 4.The plate organs (Sensilla placodea) of the worker and the drone are olfactory receptors. They show a resting activity. The sensory cells under stimulation with various odorous substances generally show a phasic-tonic frequency response, but in a few cases, a pure phasic response. Reactions to repetitive and continuous stimuli by chiefly aromatic flowery odors are described. The resting activity of these chemoreceptors decreases with increasing temperature. The receptors show a wide reaction spectrum. The spectra of the individual cells differ from one another but there is a considerable amount of overlap. Different receptors under stimulation with homologous series of substances (aldehydes, C 10 to C 18, fatty acids from C 3 to C 7) show different reaction spectra. 5.Many pit pegs (identification as S. ampullacea or S. coeloconica uncertain) are CO2 receptors in both worker and drone. Under CO2 stimulation they respond phasic-tonically. The height of the reaction, in both the phasic and tonic portion of the response, is approximately a logarithmic function of the stimulus intensity. Reactions to repetitive and continuous stimuli and the narcotic effects of pure CO2 were investigated. In addition, the receptors show a resting activity which increases with increasing temperature. 6.Many pit pegs (identification as S. ampullacea or S. coeloconica uncertain) in the worker and the drone are hygroreceptors. Each stepwise increase in humidity causes a phasic-tonic frequency response. In some cases, under stimulation with dried air, the nerve impulses disappear. The height of the excitation plateau increases approximately linearly with increasing relative and absolute humidity at constant temperature. 7.The pit pegs are also temperature receptors in both the worker and the drone. They react with a phasic-tonical increase of impulse frequency to a sudden decrease in temperature, whereas an increasing temperature causes a decrease in the stationary plateau of the receptors. Therefore, these pit pegs have to be classified as cold receptors. The impulse activity is generally abolished at 40–15° C. 8.Both the small, thick-walled hairs and the thick-walled pegs (Sensilla trichodea) of the worker respond to mechanical stimulation with a phasic increase of their impulse frequency.","language":"de","number":"6","urldate":"2017-10-26","journal":"Zeitschrift für vergleichende Physiologie","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Lacher"],"firstnames":["Veit"],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"November","year":"1964","pages":"587–623","bibtex":"@article{lacher_elektrophysiologische_1964,\n\ttitle = {Elektrophysiologische {Untersuchungen} an einzelnen {Rezeptoren} für {Geruch}, {Kohlendioxyd}, {Luftfeuchtigkeit} und {Tempratur} auf den {Antennen} der {Arbeitsbiene} und der {Drohne} (\\textit{{Apis} mellifica {L}.})},\n\tvolume = {48},\n\tissn = {0044-362x, 1432-1351},\n\turl = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00333743},\n\tdoi = {10.1007/BF00333743},\n\tabstract = {SummaryThe antennal sense organs of the honey bee worker and drone were investigated morphologically and electrophysiologically.1.The sensilla of the antennae of the worker can be classified into nine morphologically distinct types. Light microscopical investigation of these sense organs of both worker and drone revealed no principle sexual difference in structure. The distribution of these sensilla types is described for the worker and the drone. 2.Electrical activity from cuticle sense organs was recorded extracellularly with microelectrodes which penetrated the antennal surface under optical control. The antenna remained in connection with the living animal. A new type of Olfactometer was used to present the stimuli of various aromatic odors, CO2-air mixtures, and air of different relative humidities. Heat emission from a regulated, low voltage lamp was used as a source of temperature stimulation. 3.The electrophysiological reactions of corresponding morphological sensory types are similar for the worker and the drone. Each of the investigated receptor types is specialized for only one stimulus modality, although some types show an additional temperature dependence at resting activity. 4.The plate organs (Sensilla placodea) of the worker and the drone are olfactory receptors. They show a resting activity. The sensory cells under stimulation with various odorous substances generally show a phasic-tonic frequency response, but in a few cases, a pure phasic response. Reactions to repetitive and continuous stimuli by chiefly aromatic flowery odors are described. The resting activity of these chemoreceptors decreases with increasing temperature. The receptors show a wide reaction spectrum. The spectra of the individual cells differ from one another but there is a considerable amount of overlap. Different receptors under stimulation with homologous series of substances (aldehydes, C 10 to C 18, fatty acids from C 3 to C 7) show different reaction spectra. 5.Many pit pegs (identification as S. ampullacea or S. coeloconica uncertain) are CO2 receptors in both worker and drone. Under CO2 stimulation they respond phasic-tonically. The height of the reaction, in both the phasic and tonic portion of the response, is approximately a logarithmic function of the stimulus intensity. Reactions to repetitive and continuous stimuli and the narcotic effects of pure CO2 were investigated. In addition, the receptors show a resting activity which increases with increasing temperature. 6.Many pit pegs (identification as S. ampullacea or S. coeloconica uncertain) in the worker and the drone are hygroreceptors. Each stepwise increase in humidity causes a phasic-tonic frequency response. In some cases, under stimulation with dried air, the nerve impulses disappear. The height of the excitation plateau increases approximately linearly with increasing relative and absolute humidity at constant temperature. 7.The pit pegs are also temperature receptors in both the worker and the drone. They react with a phasic-tonical increase of impulse frequency to a sudden decrease in temperature, whereas an increasing temperature causes a decrease in the stationary plateau of the receptors. Therefore, these pit pegs have to be classified as cold receptors. The impulse activity is generally abolished at 40–15° C. 8.Both the small, thick-walled hairs and the thick-walled pegs (Sensilla trichodea) of the worker respond to mechanical stimulation with a phasic increase of their impulse frequency.},\n\tlanguage = {de},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2017-10-26},\n\tjournal = {Zeitschrift für vergleichende Physiologie},\n\tauthor = {Lacher, Veit},\n\tmonth = nov,\n\tyear = {1964},\n\tpages = {587--623}\n}\n\n","author_short":["Lacher, V."],"key":"lacher_elektrophysiologische_1964","id":"lacher_elektrophysiologische_1964","bibbaseid":"lacher-elektrophysiologischeuntersuchungenaneinzelnenrezeptorenfrgeruchkohlendioxydluftfeuchtigkeitundtempraturaufdenantennenderarbeitsbieneundderdrohneiapismellificali-1964","role":"author","urls":{"Paper":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00333743"},"downloads":0},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://bibbase.org/zotero/afernandezbou","creationDate":"2019-08-01T01:44:35.916Z","downloads":0,"keywords":[],"search_terms":["elektrophysiologische","untersuchungen","einzelnen","rezeptoren","geruch","kohlendioxyd","luftfeuchtigkeit","und","tempratur","auf","den","antennen","der","arbeitsbiene","und","der","drohne","apis","mellifica","lacher"],"title":"Elektrophysiologische Untersuchungen an einzelnen Rezeptoren für Geruch, Kohlendioxyd, Luftfeuchtigkeit und Tempratur auf den Antennen der Arbeitsbiene und der Drohne (<i>Apis mellifica L.</i>)","year":1964,"dataSources":["A9G3QD7fZywrspvsy"]}