Antibody responses after primary immunization in infants born to women receiving a pertussis-containing vaccine during pregnancy: single arm observational study with a historical comparator. Ladhani, S. N., Andrews, N. J., Southern, J., Jones, C. E., Amirthalingam, G., Waight, P. A., England, A., Matheson, M., Bai, X., Findlow, H., Burbidge, P., Thalasselis, V., Hallis, B., Goldblatt, D., Borrow, R., Heath, P. T., & Miller, E. 61(11):1637–1644, December, 2015.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
INTRODUCTION: In England, antenatal pertussis immunization using a tetanus/low-dose diphtheria/5-component acellular-pertussis/inactivated-polio (TdaP5/IPV) vaccine was introduced in October 2012. We assessed infant responses to antigens in the maternal vaccine and to those conjugated to tetanus (TT) or the diphtheria toxin variant, CRM. METHODS: Infants of 141 TdaP5/IPV-vaccinated mothers in Southern England immunized with DTaP5/IPV/Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib-TT) vaccine at 2-3-4 months, 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13, CRM-conjugated) at 2-4 months and 1 or 2 meningococcal C vaccine (MCC-CRM- or MCC-TT) doses at 3-4 months had blood samples taken at 2 and/or 5 months of age. RESULTS: Antibody responses to pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), fimbriae 2 + 3 (FIMs), diphtheria, tetanus, Hib, MCC and PCV13 serotypes were compared to responses in a historical cohort of 246 infants born to mothers not vaccinated in pregnancy. Infants had high pertussis antibody concentrations pre-immunization but only PT antibodies increased post-immunization (fold-change, 2.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.12-3.30; P \textless .001), whereas FHA antibodies fell (fold-change, 0.56; 95% CI, .48-.65; P \textless .001). Compared with infants of unvaccinated mothers, PT, FHA, and FIMs antibodies were lower post-vaccination, with fold-differences of 0.67 (0.58-0.77; P \textless .001), 0.62 (0.54-0.71; P \textless .001) and 0.51 (0.42-0.62; P \textless .001), respectively. Antibodies to diphtheria and some CRM-conjugated antigens were also lower, although most infants achieved protective thresholds; antibodies to tetanus and Hib were higher. CONCLUSIONS: Antenatal pertussis immunization results in high infant pre-immunization antibody concentrations, but blunts subsequent responses to pertussis vaccine and some CRM-conjugated antigens. In countries with no pertussis booster until school age, continued monitoring of protection against pertussis is essential.
@article{ladhani_antibody_2015,
	title = {Antibody responses after primary immunization in infants born to women receiving a pertussis-containing vaccine during pregnancy: single arm observational study with a historical comparator},
	volume = {61},
	issn = {1537-6591},
	shorttitle = {Antibody responses after primary immunization in infants born to women receiving a pertussis-containing vaccine during pregnancy},
	doi = {10.1093/cid/civ695},
	abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In England, antenatal pertussis immunization using a tetanus/low-dose diphtheria/5-component acellular-pertussis/inactivated-polio (TdaP5/IPV) vaccine was introduced in October 2012. We assessed infant responses to antigens in the maternal vaccine and to those conjugated to tetanus (TT) or the diphtheria toxin variant, CRM.
METHODS: Infants of 141 TdaP5/IPV-vaccinated mothers in Southern England immunized with DTaP5/IPV/Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib-TT) vaccine at 2-3-4 months, 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13, CRM-conjugated) at 2-4 months and 1 or 2 meningococcal C vaccine (MCC-CRM- or MCC-TT) doses at 3-4 months had blood samples taken at 2 and/or 5 months of age.
RESULTS: Antibody responses to pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), fimbriae 2 + 3 (FIMs), diphtheria, tetanus, Hib, MCC and PCV13 serotypes were compared to responses in a historical cohort of 246 infants born to mothers not vaccinated in pregnancy. Infants had high pertussis antibody concentrations pre-immunization but only PT antibodies increased post-immunization (fold-change, 2.64; 95\% confidence interval [CI], 2.12-3.30; P {\textless} .001), whereas FHA antibodies fell (fold-change, 0.56; 95\% CI, .48-.65; P {\textless} .001). Compared with infants of unvaccinated mothers, PT, FHA, and FIMs antibodies were lower post-vaccination, with fold-differences of 0.67 (0.58-0.77; P {\textless} .001), 0.62 (0.54-0.71; P {\textless} .001) and 0.51 (0.42-0.62; P {\textless} .001), respectively. Antibodies to diphtheria and some CRM-conjugated antigens were also lower, although most infants achieved protective thresholds; antibodies to tetanus and Hib were higher.
CONCLUSIONS: Antenatal pertussis immunization results in high infant pre-immunization antibody concentrations, but blunts subsequent responses to pertussis vaccine and some CRM-conjugated antigens. In countries with no pertussis booster until school age, continued monitoring of protection against pertussis is essential.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {11},
	author = {Ladhani, Shamez N. and Andrews, Nick J. and Southern, Jo and Jones, Christine E. and Amirthalingam, Gayatri and Waight, Pauline A. and England, Anna and Matheson, Mary and Bai, Xilian and Findlow, Helen and Burbidge, Polly and Thalasselis, Vasili and Hallis, Bassam and Goldblatt, David and Borrow, Ray and Heath, Paul T. and Miller, Elizabeth},
	month = dec,
	year = {2015},
	pmid = {26374816},
	pages = {1637--1644},
}

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