The mediating role of Internet addiction in depression, social anxiety, and psychosocial well-being among adolescents in six Asian countries: a structural equation modelling approach.

The mediating role of Internet addiction in depression, social anxiety, and psychosocial well-being among adolescents in six Asian countries: a structural equation modelling approach. Lai, C M, Mak, K K, Watanabe, H, Jeong, J, Kim, D, Bahar, N, Ramos, M, Chen, S H, & Cheng, C Public health, 129(9):1224–36, 2015. Lai, C M. Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Mak, K K. Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Electronic address: kkmak@graduate.hku.hk. Watanabe, H. Department of Children and Women's Health, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. Jeong, J. Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea. Kim, D. Department of Education, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea. Bahar, N. Department of Psychiatry, Selayang Hospital, Malaysia. Ramos, M. Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital at Manila, Philippines. Chen, S H. Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taiwan. Cheng, C. Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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OBJECTIVES: This study examines the associations of Internet addiction with social anxiety, depression, and psychosocial well-being among Asian adolescents. A self-medication model conceptualizing Internet addiction as a mediating role in relating depression and social anxiety to negative psychosocial well-being was tested., STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey., METHODS: In the Asian Adolescent Risk Behavior Survey (AARBS), 5366 adolescents aged 12-18 years from six Asian countries (China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, and Philippines) completed a questionnaire with items of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD), Self-Rated Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA-SR) in the 2012-2013 school year. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the mediating role of Internet addiction in depression, social anxiety, and subjective psychosocial well-being., RESULTS: Significant differences on the scores of IAT, SAS-A, CESD, and HoNOSCA-SR across the six countries were found. The proposed self-medication model of Internet addiction received satisfactory goodness-of-fit with data of all countries. After the path from social anxiety to Internet addiction had been discarded in the revised model, there was a significant improvement of the goodness-of-fit in the models for Japan, South Korea, and the Philippines., CONCLUSIONS: Depression and social anxiety reciprocally influenced, whereas depression associated with poorer psychosocial well-being directly and indirectly through Internet addiction in all six countries. Internet addiction mediated the association between social anxiety and poor psychosocial well-being in China, Hong Kong, and Malaysia. Copyright © 2015 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

@article{lai_mediating_2015,
	title = {The mediating role of {Internet} addiction in depression, social anxiety, and psychosocial well-being among adolescents in six {Asian} countries: a structural equation modelling approach.},
	volume = {129},
	issn = {1476-5616},
	doi = {10.1016/j.puhe.2015.07.031},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This study examines the associations of Internet addiction with social anxiety, depression, and psychosocial well-being among Asian adolescents. A self-medication model conceptualizing Internet addiction as a mediating role in relating depression and social anxiety to negative psychosocial well-being was tested., STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey., METHODS: In the Asian Adolescent Risk Behavior Survey (AARBS), 5366 adolescents aged 12-18 years from six Asian countries (China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, and Philippines) completed a questionnaire with items of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD), Self-Rated Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA-SR) in the 2012-2013 school year. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the mediating role of Internet addiction in depression, social anxiety, and subjective psychosocial well-being., RESULTS: Significant differences on the scores of IAT, SAS-A, CESD, and HoNOSCA-SR across the six countries were found. The proposed self-medication model of Internet addiction received satisfactory goodness-of-fit with data of all countries. After the path from social anxiety to Internet addiction had been discarded in the revised model, there was a significant improvement of the goodness-of-fit in the models for Japan, South Korea, and the Philippines., CONCLUSIONS: Depression and social anxiety reciprocally influenced, whereas depression associated with poorer psychosocial well-being directly and indirectly through Internet addiction in all six countries. Internet addiction mediated the association between social anxiety and poor psychosocial well-being in China, Hong Kong, and Malaysia. Copyright © 2015 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	number = {9},
	journal = {Public health},
	author = {Lai, C M and Mak, K K and Watanabe, H and Jeong, J and Kim, D and Bahar, N and Ramos, M and Chen, S H and Cheng, C},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Lai, C M. Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Mak, K K. Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Electronic address: kkmak@graduate.hku.hk.
Watanabe, H. Department of Children and Women's Health, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
Jeong, J. Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea.
Kim, D. Department of Education, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea.
Bahar, N. Department of Psychiatry, Selayang Hospital, Malaysia.
Ramos, M. Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital at Manila, Philippines.
Chen, S H. Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
Cheng, C. Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.},
	keywords = {*Adolescent Behavior/px [Psychology], *Anxiety/ep [Epidemiology], *Behavior, Addictive/px [Psychology], *Depression/ep [Epidemiology], *Internet/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Data], *Social Behavior, Adolescent, Asia/ep [Epidemiology], Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Surveys and Questionnaires},
	pages = {1224--36},
}

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A self-medication model conceptualizing Internet addiction as a mediating role in relating depression and social anxiety to negative psychosocial well-being was tested., STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey., METHODS: In the Asian Adolescent Risk Behavior Survey (AARBS), 5366 adolescents aged 12-18 years from six Asian countries (China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, and Philippines) completed a questionnaire with items of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD), Self-Rated Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA-SR) in the 2012-2013 school year. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the mediating role of Internet addiction in depression, social anxiety, and subjective psychosocial well-being., RESULTS: Significant differences on the scores of IAT, SAS-A, CESD, and HoNOSCA-SR across the six countries were found. The proposed self-medication model of Internet addiction received satisfactory goodness-of-fit with data of all countries. After the path from social anxiety to Internet addiction had been discarded in the revised model, there was a significant improvement of the goodness-of-fit in the models for Japan, South Korea, and the Philippines., CONCLUSIONS: Depression and social anxiety reciprocally influenced, whereas depression associated with poorer psychosocial well-being directly and indirectly through Internet addiction in all six countries. Internet addiction mediated the association between social anxiety and poor psychosocial well-being in China, Hong Kong, and Malaysia. Copyright © 2015 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. 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Department of Children and Women's Health, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. Jeong, J. Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea. Kim, D. Department of Education, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea. Bahar, N. Department of Psychiatry, Selayang Hospital, Malaysia. Ramos, M. Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital at Manila, Philippines. Chen, S H. Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taiwan. Cheng, C. 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A self-medication model conceptualizing Internet addiction as a mediating role in relating depression and social anxiety to negative psychosocial well-being was tested., STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey., METHODS: In the Asian Adolescent Risk Behavior Survey (AARBS), 5366 adolescents aged 12-18 years from six Asian countries (China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, and Philippines) completed a questionnaire with items of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD), Self-Rated Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA-SR) in the 2012-2013 school year. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the mediating role of Internet addiction in depression, social anxiety, and subjective psychosocial well-being., RESULTS: Significant differences on the scores of IAT, SAS-A, CESD, and HoNOSCA-SR across the six countries were found. The proposed self-medication model of Internet addiction received satisfactory goodness-of-fit with data of all countries. After the path from social anxiety to Internet addiction had been discarded in the revised model, there was a significant improvement of the goodness-of-fit in the models for Japan, South Korea, and the Philippines., CONCLUSIONS: Depression and social anxiety reciprocally influenced, whereas depression associated with poorer psychosocial well-being directly and indirectly through Internet addiction in all six countries. Internet addiction mediated the association between social anxiety and poor psychosocial well-being in China, Hong Kong, and Malaysia. Copyright © 2015 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. 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