@ARTICLE{LaMonica2013-el,
  title    = "Mitotic spindle orientation predicts outer radial glial cell
              generation in human neocortex",
  author   = "LaMonica, Bridget E and Lui, Jan H and Hansen, David V and
              Kriegstein, Arnold R",
  abstract = "The human neocortex is increased in size and complexity as
              compared with most other species. Neocortical expansion has
              recently been attributed to protracted neurogenesis by outer
              radial glial cells in the outer subventricular zone, a region
              present in humans but not in rodents. The mechanisms of human
              outer radial glial cell generation are unknown, but are proposed
              to involve division of ventricular radial glial cells; neural
              stem cells present in all developing mammals. Here we show that
              human ventricular radial glial cells produce outer radial glial
              cells and seed formation of the outer subventricular zone via
              horizontal divisions, which occur more frequently in humans than
              in rodents. We further find that outer radial glial cell mitotic
              behaviour is cell intrinsic, and that the basal fibre, inherited
              by outer radial glial cells after ventricular radial glial
              division, determines cleavage angle. Our results suggest that
              altered regulation of mitotic spindle orientation increased outer
              radial glial cell number, and ultimately neuronal number, during
              human brain evolution.",
  journal  = "Nat Commun",
  volume   =  4,
  pages    = "1665",
  year     =  2013,
  language = "en"
}

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