@incollection{langerComplexitiesTestingCompliance2026,
	address = {Cham},
	title = {On the {Complexities} of {Testing} for {Compliance} with {Human} {Oversight} {Requirements} in {AI} {Regulation}},
	volume = {16220},
	isbn = {978-3-032-07131-6 978-3-032-07132-3},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-032-07132-3_11},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-032-07132-3_11},
	abstract = {Abstract
            Human oversight requirements are a core component of the European AI Act and in AI governance. In this paper, we highlight key challenges in testing for compliance with these requirements. A central difficulty lies in balancing simple, but potentially ineffective checklist-based approaches with resource-intensive and context-sensitive empirical testing of the effectiveness of human oversight of AI. Questions regarding when to update compliance testing, the context-dependent nature of human oversight requirements, and difficult-to-operationalize standards further complicate compliance testing. We argue that these challenges illustrate broader challenges in the future of sociotechnical AI governance, i.e. a future that shifts from ensuring “good” technological products to “good” sociotechnical systems.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2026-01-23},
	booktitle = {Bridging the {Gap} {Between} {AI} and {Reality}},
	publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
	author = {Langer, Markus and Lazar, Veronika and Baum, Kevin},
	editor = {Steffen, Bernhard},
	year = {2026},
	pages = {160--169},
}

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